The vertebrate middle and inner ear: A short overview

Pfaff, Cathrin; Schultz, Julia A.; Schellhorn, Rico

doi:10.1002/jmor.20880

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…The postorbitals of T. rackhami house canals that, in life, were likely traversed by vascular vessels such as the postorbital veins (as in extant crocodylians; see Porter et al, 2016;Sedlmayr, 2002; In living animals, the endosseous labyrinth contains the membranous labyrinth that is filled with endolymphatic fluid, with the space between the membranous and bony labyrinth being filled by perilymph (Baird, 1960(Baird, , 1970de Burlet, 1929;Hullar, 2006;Pfaff et al, 2019). The common crus of T. rackhami is relatively tall, with its dorsoventral height being ~3 mm.…”

Section: Vascular Cavities Of the Postorbitalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In living animals, the endosseous labyrinth contains the membranous labyrinth that is filled with endolymphatic fluid, with the space between the membranous and bony labyrinth being filled by perilymph (Baird, 1960 , 1970 ; de Burlet, 1929 ; Hullar, 2006 ; Pfaff et al, 2019 ). Each endosseous labyrinth is bound by the prootic anteriorly, otoccipital posteriorly, supraoccipital dorsally, and (with a small contribution) parabasisphenoid ventrally.…”

Section: Neuroanatomical Descriptions Of the Trilophosuchus...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroanatomy of the mekosuchine crocodylian Trilophosuchus rackhami Willis, 1993

Ristevski

2022

Journal of Anatomy

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Although our knowledge on crocodylomorph palaeoneurology has experienced considerable growth in recent years, the neuroanatomy of many crocodylomorph taxa has yet to be studied. This is true for Australian taxa, where thus far only two crocodylian crocodylomorphs have had aspects of their neuroanatomy explored. Here, the neuroanatomy of the Australian mekosuchine crocodylian Trilophosuchus rackhami is described for the first time, which significantly increases our understanding on the palaeoneurology of Australian crocodylians. The palaeoneurological description is based on the taxon's holotype specimen (QMF16856), which was subjected to a μCT scan. Because of the exceptional preservation of QMF16856, most neuroanatomical elements could be digitally reconstructed and described in detail. Therefore, the palaeoneurological assessment presented here is hitherto the most in‐depth study of this kind for an extinct Australian crocodylomorph. Trilophosuchus rackhami has a brain endocast with a distinctive morphology that is characterized by an acute dural peak over the hindbrain region. While the overall morphology of the brain endocast is unique to T. rackhami, it does share certain similarities with the notosuchian crocodyliforms Araripesuchus wegeneri and Sebecus icaeorhinus. The endosseous labyrinth displays a morphology that is typical for crocodylians, although a stand‐out feature is the unusually tall common crus. Indeed, the common crus of T. rackhami has one of the greatest height ratios among crocodylomorphs with currently known endosseous labyrinths. The paratympanic pneumatic system of T. rackhami is greatly developed and most similar to those of the extant crocodylians Osteolaemus tetraspis and Paleosuchus palpebrosus. The observations on the neuroanatomy of T. rackhami are also discussed in the context of Crocodylomorpha. The comparative palaeoneurology reinforces previous evaluations that the neuroanatomy of crocodylomorphs is complex and diverse among species, and T. rackhami has a peculiar neuromorphology, particularly among eusuchian crocodyliforms.

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Section: Vascular Cavities Of the Postorbitalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuroanatomical Descriptions Of the Trilophosuchus...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomy of the mekosuchine crocodylian Trilophosuchus rackhami Willis, 1993

Ristevski

2022

Journal of Anatomy

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“…Anatomically, the ear consists of three distinctive sectors: the external ear (auris externa), the middle ear (auris media) and the internal ear (auris interna). Placed in the dorsal part of the tympanic cavity (cavum tympany), within the temporal bone, the petrosal part (os temporale, pars petrosa), the assembly of the auditory ossicles (ossicula auditus) play an important role in the sound transmission from the tympanic membrane (membrana tympany) to the internal ear (vestibular fenestra-fenestra vestibuli) (Martonos et al 2019;Pfaff et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological And Morphometrical Aspects of The Auditory Ossicles In Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus)

Martonos

Gudea

D’Amico

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The study provides a series of distinctive aspects of the auditory ossicles alongside comparative morphometric data, bringing facts in respect to morphology and morphofunctionality of the auditory ossicles in this little-studied species. The most important features noted are evident conical shape of muscular process of malleus and triangular aspect of the handle of malleus. For the incus, a short body of the bone and the direct continuation, with no clear distinction as an individualized piece, for the lenticular process. As for the stapes, the clear profiling of the muscular tubercle for the stapedial muscle and elliptic shape of the foot of the stapes is noted. A series of comparative measurements and indices are also calculated in the attempt of profiling differences from the domestic counter species- sheep and goat.

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“…The inner ear contains the cochlea and vestibule (Rinkwitz et al, 2001). The former is responsible for the sense of hearing and depends on the sensory hair cells of basilar papilla of the lagena of nonmammalian amniotes, while the latter is necessary for the sense of balance and gravity, which is realized byusing the ampullae of three semicircular canals and the sensory field of utriculus and sacculus (Pfaff et al, 2019). A considerable amount of literature refers to the morphology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology and evolutionary biology has already been published on the labyrinth of vertebrate inner ear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histology and Immunocytochemical Localization of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Inner Ear of Scincella tsinlingensis

et al. 2021

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The microstructure of inner ear in Scincella tsinlingensis was observed by light microscopy and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in membranous labyrinth among the juvenile age group, subadult age group and adult age group were also detected by methods of immunohistochemistry. The inner ear in S. tsinlingensis resembled those in other Scincid lizards in their anatomy and histology. Large and elongate cochlear duct was slightly bowed or arched laterally. There was no hint of limbic modifications and the limbic lip was absent in cochlear recess. The basilar papilla elongated anteroventrally possessed specialized tectorial sallets. GFAP staining was significantly distributed in supporting cells of the sensory epithelia of cochlear duct, while the utricular macula and canal ampullae showed immunopositive for the GFAP antibody, with weaker staining in the saccular macula. The membranous inner ear of three different age groups revealed the similar pattern of GFAP expression, which suggested that the distribution of supporting cells were independent of age in S. tsinlingensis

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The vertebrate middle and inner ear: A short overview

Cited by 18 publications

References 138 publications

Neuroanatomy of the mekosuchine crocodylian Trilophosuchus rackhami Willis, 1993

Neuroanatomy of the mekosuchine crocodylian Trilophosuchus rackhami Willis, 1993

Morphological And Morphometrical Aspects of The Auditory Ossicles In Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus)

Histology and Immunocytochemical Localization of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Inner Ear of Scincella tsinlingensis

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