The versatility of MnO2 for lithium battery applications

Thackeray, M. M.; Rossouw, M.H.; Kock, A. De; Harpe, A.P. de la; Gummow, R. J.; Pearce, K. N.; Liles, David C.

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(93)80126-a

Cited by 106 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, ␥-MnO 2 and ramsdellite MnO 2 structures have a distorted hexagonalclose-packed oxygen array that is unstable to lithiation; the close-packed oxygen array shears on lithiation toward a more stable cubic-close-packed structure; 46,59 the same effect occurs when ␥-MnO 2 reacts with LiOH to generate CDMO-type products. 49 The enhanced stability of CDMO electrodes to lithium cells compared with pure ␥-MnO 2 electrodes has been attributed to the presence of the spinel domains in the structure and to the compatibility of the close-packed oxygen arrays of the spinel and lithiated ␥-MnO 2 phases. Both structure types have been identified in CDMO products by electron diffraction data and high-resolution imaging of crystallites in the electrode (Fig.…”

Section: Composite Lithium Manganese Oxide Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinel Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

Thackeray

1999

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

202

146

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This article gives a historical account of the development of spinel electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. Research in the late 1970s and early 1980s on hightemperature Li/Fe 3 O 4 cells led to the evaluation of lithium spinels Li[B 2 ]X 4 at room temperature (B = metal cation). This work highlighted the importance of the [B 2 ]X 4 spinel framework as a host electrode structure and the ability to tailor the cell voltage by selection of various B cations. Examples of lithium-ion cells that operate with spinel anode/spinel cathode couples are provided. Particular attention is given to spinels within the solid-solution system Li 1+x Mn 2−x O 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33).

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Section: Composite Lithium Manganese Oxide Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinel Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

Thackeray

1999

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

202

146

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“…MnO 2 is of great interest as an insertion electrode for both primary and secondary lithium batteries. [22] Compared to vanadium-based oxides, manganese dioxide is advantageous because of its lower cost, lower toxicity, and higher average voltage. However, there remains the challenge of achieving practical recharge ability for its use as the cathode in lithium secondary batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of MnO2 Nanoparticles Confined in Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Using a Sonochemical Method

Zhou²,

et al. 2005

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A sonochemical method has been successfully used in order to incorporate MnO2 nanoparticles inside the pore channels of CMK‐3 ordered mesoporous carbon. Modification of the intrachannel surfaces of CMK‐3 to make them hydrophilic enables KMnO4 to readily penetrate the pore channels. At the same time, the modification changes the surface reactivity, enabling the formation of MnO2 nanoparticles inside the pores of CMK‐3 by the sonochemical reduction of metal ions. The resultant structures were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CMK‐3 with 20 wt.‐% loading of MnO2 inside CMK‐3 delivered an improved discharge performance of 223 mA h g–1 at a relatively high rate of 1 A g–1. Almost no decrease in specific capacity is observed for the second cycle, and a discharge capacity of more than 165 mA h g–1 is retained after 100 cycles. This is attributed to the nanometer‐sized MnO2 formed inside CMK‐3 and the high surface area of the mesopores (3.1 nm) in which the MnO2 nanoparticles are formed.

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“…For example, in the family of solid electrolytes, it is well known that structures with anomalously high Ag+-ion conductivity at room temperature can be fabricated by reacting AgI with other iodide salts such as RbI and C 11 H 30 N 3 I 3 to yield, respectively, RbAg 4 I 5 (RbI·4AgI) (Hull et al, 2002) and Ag 44 I 53 (C 11 H 30 N 3 I 3 ) 3 (44AgI·3C 11 H 30 N 3 I 3 ) (Thackeray et al, 1978). It is also now commonly known that Li 2 O units can stabilize a wide range of MnO 2 electrode structures such as gamma-MnO 2 and α-MnO 2 , resulting in Li 2 O·yMnO 2 products with superior electrochemical properties compared to the parent MnO 2 materials (Thackeray et al, 1993Johnson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Design Of Composite Electrode Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structural Design of Electrode Materials for High Energy Lithium Batteries

Thackeray

2007

J. Chem. Eng. Japan

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Lithium batteries are used to power a diverse range of applications from small compact devices, such as smart cards and cellular telephones to large heavy duty devices such as uninterrupted power supply units and electric-and hybrid-electric vehicles. This paper briefly reviews the approaches to design advanced materials to replace the lithiated graphite and LiCoO 2 electrodes that dominate today's lithiumion batteries in order to increase their energy and safety. The technological advantages of lithium batteries are placed in the context of water-based-and high-temperature battery systems.

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The versatility of MnO2 for lithium battery applications

Cited by 106 publications

References 18 publications

Spinel Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

Spinel Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

Synthesis of MnO2 Nanoparticles Confined in Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Using a Sonochemical Method

The Structural Design of Electrode Materials for High Energy Lithium Batteries

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