The Verbal Rating Scale Is Reliable for Assessment of Postoperative Pain in Hip Fracture Patients

Bech, Rune Dueholm; Lauritsen, Jens; Ovesen, Ole; Overgaard, Søren

doi:10.1155/2015/676212

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several previous articles suggested the use of unidimensional scales to measure acute pain [ 5 6 20 21 22 23 24 25 ], caused by trauma, surgery, childbirth, or an acute medical disease. Previous OMFS articles mostly used the VAS for pain assessment in acute pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain measurement in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Sirintawat

Sawang

Chaiyasamut

et al. 2017

J Dent Anesth Pain Med

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Regardless of whether it is acute or chronic, the assessment of pain should be simple and practical. Since the intensity of pain is thought to be one of the primary factors that determine its effect on a human's overall function and sense, there are many scales to assess pain. The aim of the current article was to review pain intensity scales that are commonly used in dental and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). Previous studies demonstrated that multidimensional scales, such as the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire were suitable for assessing chronic pain, while unidimensional scales, like the Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), Verbal descriptor scale, Verbal rating scale, Numerical rating Scale, Faces Pain Scale, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS), and Full Cup Test, were used to evaluate acute pain. The WBS is widely used to assess pain in children and elderly because other scales are often difficult to understand, which could consequently lead to an overestimation of the pain intensity. In dental or OMFS research, the use of the VAS is more common because it is more reliable, valid, sensitive, and appropriate. However, some researchers use NRS to evaluate OMFS pain in adults because this scale is easier to use than VAS and yields relatively similar pain scores. This review only assessed pain scales used for post-operative OMFS or dental pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain measurement in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Sirintawat

Sawang

Chaiyasamut

et al. 2017

J Dent Anesth Pain Med

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“…Although the effects of spinal anesthesia (SA) for surgery constitute a longstanding subject of debate, it has been reported that regional anesthesia (RA) protocols like SA reduce the risks of pulmonary complications, deep vein thrombosis, and mortality [4,5]. Spinal anesthesia is primarily applied in elderly patients versus general anesthesia (GA) [6] in our institution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesia for positioning of spinal anesthesia in elderly patients with proximal femoral fracture under dexmedetomidine infusioin: Ketamine versus fentanyl

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Park³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Changes in posture due to spinal anesthesia in instances of femur fracture can cause severe pain and stress in elderly patients. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) infusion is effective in preventing stress and inducing sleep, but DEX alone has limitations in controlling the pain caused by postural changes. To improve pain relief, we compared the analgesic effects of intravenous DEX–ketamine and DEX–fentanyl combinations to facilitate lateral positioning for spinal anesthesia in proximal femoral fractured patients. Methods Forty-six patients were randomly assigned to the group K or group F. Group K was intravenously given ketamine (1 mg/kg) for 10 minutes, while group F received intravenous fentanyl (1 mcg/kg) for 10 minutes. All patients in both groups received concomitantly a bolus of DEX 1 μg/kg over 10 minutes. Ten minutes after the administration of ketamine with DEX or fentanyl with DEX, patients were placed in the lateral position with the fracture site positioned up. Pain score and quality scores during spinal anesthesia (i.e., lateral positioning, hip flexion, and spinal block) were recorded. Results Pain scores during lateral positioning and hip flexion were significantly lower in group K than in group F (P < 0.0001). The quality scores of patients during all periods of spinal anesthesia were significantly lower in Group K than in Group F (P < 0.05). Hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Intravenous DEX–ketamine is a more effective combination of the lateral position for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fracture in comparison with intravenous DEX–fentanyl.

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“…Pain was rated using the 5-point Verbal Rating Scale which we have found reliable for assessment of pain after hip fracture in a previous study [ 24 ]. Cognitive status was assessed by admission using the six-item SOMC which is validated to test for cognitive impairment [ 5 , 25 ] since our protocol prescribed a certain cognitive level to ensure that all subjects were able to administer analgesics on demand and to evaluate pain reliably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Anesthetic Wound Infiltration after Osteosynthesis of Extracapsular Hip Fracture Does Not Reduce Pain or Opioid Requirements: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial in 49 Patients

Bech

Ovesen

Lauritsen

et al. 2018

Pain Research and Management

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Background and purpose Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) supports early mobilization after hip and knee arthroplasty. Inspired by this, we studied the effectiveness of wound infiltration with the long acting local anesthetic ropivacaine in an effort to decrease the need for postoperative opioids after osteosynthesis of extracapsular hip fracture. Methods Forty-nine patients undergoing osteosynthesis with a sliding hip screw were randomized into two groups in a double-blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01119209). The patients received intraoperative infiltration followed by 6 postoperative injections through a wound catheter in eight-hour intervals. 23 patients received ropivacaine and 26 received saline. The intervention period was 2 days, and the observation period was 5 days. In both groups, there were no restrictions on the total daily dose of opioids. Pain was assessed at specific postoperative time points, and the daily opioid usage was registered. Results Intraoperative infiltration with 200 mg ropivacaine and postoperative repeated infiltration with 100 mg ropivacaine did not result in statistically significant difference between the groups regarding postoperative opioid consumption or pain. Interpretation Ropivacaine as single component in postoperative treatment of pain after hip fracture is not effective. In our setup, wound infiltration with ropivacaine is not statistically significantly better than placebo.

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The Verbal Rating Scale Is Reliable for Assessment of Postoperative Pain in Hip Fracture Patients

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Pain measurement in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Pain measurement in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Analgesia for positioning of spinal anesthesia in elderly patients with proximal femoral fracture under dexmedetomidine infusioin: Ketamine versus fentanyl

Local Anesthetic Wound Infiltration after Osteosynthesis of Extracapsular Hip Fracture Does Not Reduce Pain or Opioid Requirements: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial in 49 Patients

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