The verbal loop hypothesis: Binary numbers

Glanzer, Murray; Clark, William H.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(63)80098-5

Cited by 73 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A similarly devised codability index for photographs of facial expressions accounts well for recognition memory of the faces ( Van de Geer & Fridja, 1960). Brevity of verbal description has been found to correlate highly with reproductive recall of arrays of simple black or white figures (Glanzer & Clark, 1963a) and of strings of binary digits (Glanzer & Clark, 1963b). Finally, inter-S communication accuracy has been found to account well for color memory (Lantz & Stefflre, 1964).…”

Section: But That Whether Either Verbal or Pictorial Materials Is Vementioning

confidence: 87%

Pictorial and verbal encoding in a short-term memory task

Tversky

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

190

134

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Section: But That Whether Either Verbal or Pictorial Materials Is Vementioning

confidence: 87%

Pictorial and verbal encoding in a short-term memory task

Tversky

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

190

134

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“…Probably starting with Miller's (1956) discussion of recoding in memory experiments, however, a variety of data have made it necessary to recognize that the conditions of stimulus presentation (including especially Ss' behavior during presentation) affect materially what aspects of the nominal stimulus are acquired and therefore may be said to dictate the appropriate theoretical units of analysis (see also, Posner, 1967). Glanzer and Clark (1963) have, for example, argued that Ss in their study literally did not remember the strings of binary digits they were given, but rather remembered their description of the patterns they perceived in the strings. In the free recall situation, distinguishing what S learns from what is presented to him has led to the postulation of higher-order, supra verbal dimensions of analysis (Garner & Degerman, 1967;Mandler, 1968;Tulving, 1968).…”

Section: Preliminary Description Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precategorical acoustic storage (PAS)

Crowder

Morton

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

738

594

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Fig. I. An incomplete conceptual diagram of information flow in immediate memory tasks. No reference whatever to locations or pathways in the nervous system isimplied. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELThe overall schema in which we are operating is given in Fig. I. Our preliminary assumptions are based on a clear distinction between information which has been categorized (i.e., identified or perceived) and information which has not been categorized. Like Tulving (1968) we see no defensible reason for distinguishing between perception and learning, with respect to individual elements. Once categorization has argument is, on the contrary, that PAS bears important qualitative similarities to the comparable precategorical storage system in vision (Sperling, 1963) though the relevant time parameters appear to be of different order of magnitude. While other writers (e.g., Mackworth, 1965;Neisser, 1967) have previously considered the existence of an acoustic-equivalent to the visual sensory store (and have suggested longer duration in the case of audition than in vision) there has been no comprehensive attempt to make explicit the properties of such a store. In considering these properties, our main objective has been to give an explanation for various serial position data which have been reported in immediate memory. Although the system is in this sense ad hoc it leads readily to a number of testable implications, two of which were confirmed in the experiments reported herein. We shall first describe the PAS system and its properties; second, review the evidence in its favor from both our laboratory and others'; and finally, suggest the relation of the model to a general approach to memory theory.

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“…My favorite example is the well known study by Glanzer and Clark (1963), in which they employ what is called the "verbal-loop hypothesis." They presented Ss with astring of eight binary events that were to be reproduced after brief exposure.…”

Section: Coding In Cognitive Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding of nonsense vs the detection of patterns

Restle

1973

Memory & Cognition

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Two theories are contrasted: coding information into arbitrary characters vs ex tracting patterns from a flux 01' stimulation. It is argucd that coding is the process people use to memorize nonsense and, for that reason, is a poor model for the applicd psychologv 01' learning. The contrasting idea, that Ss perceive patterns and extract information, can be used to improve education by leading teachers to organize their material. It is also argued that most demonstrations 01' coding can be interpreted as examples 01' pattern perception.

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The verbal loop hypothesis: Binary numbers

Cited by 73 publications

References 3 publications

Pictorial and verbal encoding in a short-term memory task

Pictorial and verbal encoding in a short-term memory task

Precategorical acoustic storage (PAS)

Coding of nonsense vs the detection of patterns

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