The Ventricular System of the Brain: Anatomy and Normal Variations

Stratchko, Lindsay; Филатова, И.А.; Agarwal, Amit Kumar; Kanekar, Sangam

doi:10.1053/j.sult.2016.01.004

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…5 Each lateral ventricle has an estimated capacity of 7-10 mL. 6 The frontal horn (Fig 1) extends anteriorly from the foramina of Monro and communicates with the body of the lateral ventricles posteriorly. The anterior wall and roof are formed by the genu of the corpus callosum, and the floor is formed by the rostrum.…”

Section: Lateral Ventriclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The columns of the fornix form the inferior portion of the medial wall. [6][7][8] The body of the lateral ventricle communicates with the atrium posteriorly from the foramina of Monro to the corpus callosum and psalterium of the fornix, also called the hippocampal commissure. The roof is formed by the body of the corpus callosum, and the floor is formed by the thalamus.…”

Section: Lateral Ventriclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If there is an extension posterior to a vertical plane created by the columns of the fornix, the term cavum vergae (Fig 8) is used. 6,39 The clinical significance of cavum septi pellucidi and cavum vergae is unknown, and they are considered a normal variant. 39 However, studies have suggested that their presence is associated with cognitive dysfunction in patients with prior head trauma.…”

Section: Cavum Septi Pellucidi Cavum Vergae and Cavum Veli Interpositimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are also typically hyperintense on DWI, with isointense signal on ADC (Fig 9A). 5,6 Choroid plexus cysts are typically found incidentally, mainly in the glomera, and they are usually asymptomatic. In the antenatal period, choroid plexus cysts may be associated with chromosomal abnormalities when large or when present with other CNS abnormalities.…”

Section: Choroid Plexus Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lateral Ventricles: A Detailed Review of Anatomy, Development, and Anatomic Variations

Scelsi

Rahim

Morris

et al. 2020

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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The cerebral ventricles have been studied since the fourth century BC and were originally thought to harbor the soul and higher executive functions. During the infancy of neuroradiology, alterations to the ventricular shape and position on pneumoencephalography and ventriculography were signs of mass effect or volume loss. However, in the current era of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging, variation in ventricular anatomy is more easily detectable and its clinical significance is still being investigated. Interpreting radiologists must be aware of anatomic variations of the ventricular system to prevent mistaking normal variants for pathology. We will review of the anatomy and development of the lateral ventricles and discuss several ventricular variations.

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Section: Lateral Ventriclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lateral Ventriclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cavum Septi Pellucidi Cavum Vergae and Cavum Veli Interpositimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choroid Plexus Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lateral Ventricles: A Detailed Review of Anatomy, Development, and Anatomic Variations

Scelsi

Rahim

Morris

et al. 2020

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Proliferation of the vascular mesenchyme invaginates the ependyma lined ventricle lumen, forming the CP [ 12 ]. The cerebral ventricular system is made up by four cavities—the (bi)lateral, the third, and the fourth ventricles [ 13 ]. The third ventricle is located deep in the central part of the brain, making it one of the most inaccessible regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lactate Receptor HCA1 Is Present in the Choroid Plexus, the Tela Choroidea, and the Neuroepithelial Lining of the Dorsal Part of the Third Ventricle

Hadzic

Nguyen

Hosoyamada

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The volume, composition, and movement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important for brain physiology, pathology, and diagnostics. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the main structure that produces CSF, the choroid plexus (CP). Due to the presence of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in the CP, changes in blood and brain lactate levels are reflected in the CSF. A lactate receptor, the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), is present in the brain, but whether it is located in the CP or in other periventricular structures has not been studied. Here, we investigated the distribution of HCA1 in the cerebral ventricular system using monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP)-HCA1 reporter mice. The reporter signal was only detected in the dorsal part of the third ventricle, where strong mRFP-HCA1 labeling was present in cells of the CP, the tela choroidea, and the neuroepithelial ventricular lining. Co-labeling experiments identified these cells as fibroblasts (in the CP, the tela choroidea, and the ventricle lining) and ependymal cells (in the tela choroidea and the ventricle lining). Our data suggest that the HCA1-containing fibroblasts and ependymal cells have the ability to respond to alterations in CSF lactate in body–brain signaling, but also as a sign of neuropathology (e.g., stroke and Alzheimer’s disease biomarker).

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