The Ventral Striatopallidum and Extended Amygdala in Huntington Disease

Petrasch‐Parwez, Elisabeth; Habbes, Hans-Werner; Löbbecke-Schumacher, Marlen; Saft, Carsten; Niescery, Jennifer

doi:10.5772/48520

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Given that the anatomical substrate of HD involves subcortical (i.e., ventral and dorsal striatal (Petrasch‐Parwez et al., 2012) as well as limbic and cortical structures such as the DLPFC (Enzi et al., 2012; Gleichgerrcht et al., 2010; Palminteri et al., 2012; Wolf et al., 2008), it could be that disruption of these brain circuits causes alterations in economic decision‐making (de Quervain et al., 2004; Wischniewski et al., 2009). However, this interpretation is somewhat contradictory to experimental brain research utilizing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered third‐party punishment in Huntington's disease: A study using neuroeconomic games

et al. 2020

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Background Huntington's disease (HD) is a heritable degenerative brain disease caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene with excessive repeats of the base triplet cytosine–adenine–guanine (CAG), which codes for the aminoacid glutamine. HD is associated with a broad spectrum of neurocognitive dysfunction, including deficits in social cognition. The appreciation of fairness rules and reciprocity has not been studied in HD. Based on theoretical considerations suggesting that brain regions known to be affected from HD are involved in economic decision‐making, the present study sought to examine HD patients' performance in two neuroeconomic games. Methods Twenty‐nine manifest HD mutation carriers (20 males, nine females) performed an Ultimatum Game (UG) and a Dictator Game (DG) where third‐party punishment of observed unfairness was required. In addition, patients were tested for neurocognition and the ability to understand other people's mental states (“theory of mind”). For comparison, a clinical control group of 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia, and 30 unaffected healthy controls matched for age and verbal intelligence took part in the study. Results Patients with HD had some appreciation of fairness rules, as they tended to reject unfair offers in the UG similar to controls. However, unlike the other two groups, individuals with HD did not punish observed unfairness from a third‐party perspective. This lack of “altruistic punishment” was associated with deficits in executive functioning including working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, and to a lesser degree with poor “theory of mind.” Conclusions HD seems to be associated with impairments in understanding of more complex rules of social exchange. Aside from deficits in executive functioning, this behavior could, in part, be linked to an inability to experience third‐party punishment as rewarding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered third‐party punishment in Huntington's disease: A study using neuroeconomic games

et al. 2020

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“…The relation of these assigned regions with HD was found to be in accordance with previous research. 42–46 The most sensitive and robust finding in HD is atrophy which is a result of progressive neuronal death in the striatum. There is a decline in medium spiny neurons in the striatum however the origin of this specific vulnerability remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 Although there are limited studies on the septum, nucleus accumbens, preoptic area and anterior commissure regions, it is known that these regions are affected through various mechanisms in HD. 43–45,49,50…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial proteomic alterations detected via MALDI-MS imaging implicate neuronal loss in a Huntington's disease mouse (YAC128) brain

et al. 2022

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“…In comparison to the dorsal components of the basal ganglia circuitry and their involvement in the direct/indirect motor circuits, the ventral striatum (also known as the nucleus accumbens), combined with the ventral pallidum (VP), forms part of a loop system involved in the regulation of mood and emotion (4,46,55,56,108). The ventral striatum receives excitatory glutamatergic input from the orbital and medial prefrontal (OMPFC) cortical areas (13,16,57,143).…”

Section: The Globus Pallidus-a Critical Component Of the Indirect DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such limbic-related anatomical connectivity sets the stage for the VP to mediate reward and motivation functions at many levels of the brain, beyond merely aiding translation to movement (119). The close relation between the ventral striatum and VP within the limbic loop of the basal ganglia led to the coining of the term "ventral striatopallidum" (108). The ventral striatopallidum is known to be an integrator of emotional, cognitive and sensory information, and a linker of motivation to behavior (57,135).…”

Section: The Ventral Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the human globus pallidus in Huntington's disease

2016

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Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by pronounced pathology of the basal ganglia, with numerous studies documenting the pattern of striatal neurodegeneration in the human brain. However, a principle target of striatal outflow, the globus pallidus (GP), has received limited attention in comparison, despite being a core component of the basal ganglia. The external segment (GPe) is a major output of the dorsal striatum, connecting widely to other basal ganglia nuclei via the indirect motor pathway. The internal segment (GPi) is a final output station of both the direct and indirect motor pathways of the basal ganglia. The ventral pallidum (VP), in contrast, is a primary output of the limbic ventral striatum. Currently, there is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the extent of GPe and GPi neurodegeneration in HD, with a conflict between pallidal neurons being preserved, and pallidal neurons being lost. In addition, no current evidence considers the fate of the VP in HD, despite it being a key structure involved in reward and motivation. Understanding the involvement of these structures in HD will help to determine their involvement in basal ganglia pathway dysfunction in the disease. A clear understanding of the impact of striatal projection loss on the main neurons that receive striatal input, the pallidal neurons, will aid in the understanding of disease pathogenesis. In addition, a clearer picture of pallidal involvement in HD may contribute to providing a morphological basis to the considerable variability in the types of motor, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms in HD. This review aims to highlight the importance of the globus pallidus, a critical component of the cortical-basal ganglia circuits, and its role in the pathogenesis of HD. This review also summarizes the current literature relating to human studies of the globus pallidus in HD.

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The Ventral Striatopallidum and Extended Amygdala in Huntington Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 89 publications

Altered third‐party punishment in Huntington's disease: A study using neuroeconomic games

Altered third‐party punishment in Huntington's disease: A study using neuroeconomic games

Spatial proteomic alterations detected via MALDI-MS imaging implicate neuronal loss in a Huntington's disease mouse (YAC128) brain

The role of the human globus pallidus in Huntington's disease

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