The Velocity at which Radioactive Colloids Disappear from the Blood. Studies on the Function of the Reticulo‐Endothelial System

Gabrieli, E. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00816.x

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…He demonstrated a decreased plasma clearance and hepatic uptake in the prepared rabbit. Gabrielli (10) has reported similar results using radioactive colloidal chromium, and Biozzi, Benacerraf, and Halpern (11) recently demonstrated decreased hepatic uptake of injected ink particles after injection of typhoid vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The Distribution of Cr51 Labeled E. Coli Endotoxin in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction 1

Smith¹,

Braude²,

Carey³

1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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The generalized Shwartzman reaction (1) occurs in immature (2) rabbits following the second of two sublethal intravenous injections of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, spaced 18 to 24 hours apart, and consists of widespread hemorrhage and necrosis. The reaction also occurs after a single injection of endotoxin in animals treated with intravenous thorotrast, trypan blue (3), colloidal iron, or colloidal carbon (4). Because these substances were thought to "blockade" the reticuloendothelial (R.E.) system, it was suggested that an analogous impairment of R.E. function may also be produced by the first or "preparing" injection of endotoxin, resulting in slower removal and detoxification of the second dose and directly or indirectly in the characteristic lesions in the kidney, heart, lungs, and liver.In the experiments to be reported, the distribution of radioactive Crl' labeled endotoxin in normal rabbits was compared with that in rabbits which had received a preparing injection of unlabeled endotoxin 24 hours earlier. The results indicate that, in the rabbit, the "prepared" state is characterized by impaired removal of a second injection of endotoxin by the liver and increased localization by the lung.METHODS AND PROCEDURE Animals. Young albino rabbits of a hybrid stock weighing between 0.77 and 1.3 kilo., used for all experi-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The Distribution of Cr51 Labeled E. Coli Endotoxin in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction 1

Smith¹,

Braude²,

Carey³

1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The nature of the colloid used is apparently of no importance provided the particle size does not differ greatly. Similar removal rates for different colloids with the exception of yttrium compounds have been observed in various animals (4,(11)(12)(13). In this laboratory, colloidal iron saccharate labeled with Fe59 has been observed to disappear from the human circulation at rates which did not significantly differ from the disappearance rates of colloidal radiogold (14).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Comparison of Liver Blood Flow Values Estimated by the Bromsulphalein and by the Radiogold Method

Vetter¹,

Grabner²,

Höfer³

et al. 1956

J. Clin. Invest.

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In a previous paper (1) we have described a method of following the disappearance of intravenously injected colloidal radioactive gold from the circulation in man and have discussed the possibilities of calculating liver blood flow from the disappearance rate constant as the fraction of blood volume perfusing the liver per unit time.If liver blood flow values estimated in this way could be demonstrated to be correct this method should have many advantages over other methods currently in use: it does not require hepatic vein catheterization; with only one blood sample withdrawn for determination of hematocrit and plasma volume, it does not involve any undue blood loss to the patient; being exceedingly simple and mechanized to a considerable extent by the use of counting rate meters and recorders, it can be carried out by a single technician; it can be repeated several times without exposing the patient to any risk thereby enabling observation of changes in hepatic circulation over any period of time.Hepatic blood flow values estimated by this method in 25 normal subjects (18 males and 7 females) were found to average 1310 ml. per min.(1) and thus to be somewhat lower but still within the range of normal values reported by other groups who used the bromsulphalein or other methods. However, even this difference might not have been a real one. In this laboratory the observed venous hematocrit is corrected for trapped plasma and for the uneven distribution of cells and plasma within the whole body circulation. with the average normal radiogold results, appear to have used any correction of the hematocrit. It might, therefore, well be that the difference between average hepatic blood flows estimated by these two methods in different groups of normal subjects has been caused by the difference in the methods of calculating blood volume.However, a few experiments designed to investigate the efficiency of the liver phagocytes to remove the colloid particles from the blood passing through the liver, indicated that the radiogold method underestimates the true hepatic blood flow by almost 20 per cent (1). If this is true a direct comparison of BSP and radiogold results should reveal a real difference in the calculated flow values. Simultaneous estimations of hepatic blood flow by these two methods were, therefore, performed in 15 subjects the results of which are presented in this paper. METHODSMaterial. The subj ects studied were hospitalized patients in whom for diagnostic purposes a heart or hepatic vein catheterization was warranted. Therefore, none of the subjects could be considered to be "normal."Catheterization.

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“…For this reason, the use of radioactive colloids constitute a marked advance, since rninutx quantities of these materials may be determined radiometrically with great accuracy. The radiocolloids in most common use are P32 labelled chromic phosphate (DOBSON 1949, GABRIELE 1951, GELLER 1957 and colloidal radiogold, AulBs (BARROW et coll. 1951, WISH et coll.…”

Section: Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of inhibited blood clearance in cortisone-treated mice by the intravenous injection of Au198

Hornnes¹,

Rygård²

1960

Acta Radiologica

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The Velocity at which Radioactive Colloids Disappear from the Blood. Studies on the Function of the Reticulo‐Endothelial System

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

The Distribution of Cr51 Labeled E. Coli Endotoxin in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction 1

The Distribution of Cr51 Labeled E. Coli Endotoxin in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction 1

Comparison of Liver Blood Flow Values Estimated by the Bromsulphalein and by the Radiogold Method

Determination of inhibited blood clearance in cortisone-treated mice by the intravenous injection of Au198

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