The Vectorcardiogram and Electrocardiogram in Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal

Beregovich, J; Bleifer, Selvyn B.; Donoso, Ephraim; Grishman, Arthur

doi:10.1161/01.cir.21.1.63

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The characteristic features of endocardial cushion defects (Toscano-Barbosa, Brandenburg, and Burchell, 1956;Beregovich et al, 1960;Burchell, DuShane, and Brandenburg, 1960), namely left axis deviation (frontal plane axis between 0 and -90°) with partial right bundle-branch block and a deep or slurred S wave in "posterior" leads II, III, and VF, were present in most cases. A long P-R interval (more than 0-2 sec.…”

Section: Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Mitral Valve in Endocardial Cushion Defects

Omeri¹,

Bishop²,

Oakley³

et al. 1965

Heart

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Since 1957, 29 cases of endocardial cushion defect have been operated upon in this hospital. They included an appreciable number of the more complex forms of the anomaly, and in these, as has been the experience of other workers (Cooley, Latson, and Keats, 1958;Kiely et al., 1958;Gerbode et al., 1961, andScott, Hauck, andNadas, 1962a), the over-all mortality was distressingly high. There were, however, a number of deaths among the apparently simple cases. Reviewing the causes of death in these "simple" cases suggested that persistence of mitral incompetence had played a dominant role. Difficulty was experienced in repairing the mitral valve because the anatomy was more complicated than had been expected, and of a kind not previously stressed.The problems presented by these patients prompted us to review the group as a whole for there appeared to be a lack of correlation between the clinical evaluation and the findings at operation. We considered it desirable to clarify the anatomy of the lesion and the adequacy of methods for its assessment and treatment, paying particular attention to the mitral valve and the ways in which its form and function might best be determined. TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATIONThe term "endocardial cushion defect" covers a wide range of embryologically related congenital cardiac anomalies from the so-called simple ostium primum at one end of the scale to the complete atrio-ventricular canal at the other. There appears to be little virtue in considering either of these two extremes as separate entities since this leaves a large group of intermediate forms unclassified, and implies that there is a clear-cut distinction between groups, which is fallacious. While no classification is entirely satisfactory, for practical purposes we use that of Campbell and Missen (1957) who grouped them in three grades of increasing complexity.The embryological development of the endocardial cushions and the part that they play in the final formation of the central portions of the heart have been clearly outlined by van Mierop and his colleagues (1962). Briefly, the endocardial cushions are a dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior) mass of mesenchyme which grow, fuse, and become so modelled that they divide the atrio-ventricular canal into two orifices-the mitral and tricuspid valves. At the same time, however, they contribute to the atrio-ventricular septum and membranous septum as well as to the valve cusps and their chordae. Each endocardial cushion provides two half leaflets, and on the right side there is an additional contribution from the conus septum. The distribution of these elements in the mature heart is shown superimposed on photographs of the right and left sides of a normal child's heart in Fig. 1.

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Section: Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Mitral Valve in Endocardial Cushion Defects

Omeri¹,

Bishop²,

Oakley³

et al. 1965

Heart

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show abstract

“…The findings of Toscano-Barbosa have been confirmed by 'a few other authors (2,3,5,9,15). I n several of these publications, however, there has been inadequate checking of the diagnosis by autopsy or operation, even when all cases are registered as "proved".…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

The Electrocardiogram and the Frontal Vectorcardiogram in Ostium Secundum Defect and Endocardial Cushion Defect

Egenberg

1964

Journal of Internal Medicine

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“…Burchell et al [12] found rare exceptions in the complete atrio-ventricular (A V) [8,13,14] found it in all cases. In almost all patients the QRS duration is prolonged [10].…”

Section: Endocardial Cushion Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances in Congenital Heart Disease and Following Cardiac Surgery

Alboni

1981

Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine

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The Vectorcardiogram and Electrocardiogram in Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

The Mitral Valve in Endocardial Cushion Defects

The Mitral Valve in Endocardial Cushion Defects

The Electrocardiogram and the Frontal Vectorcardiogram in Ostium Secundum Defect and Endocardial Cushion Defect

Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances in Congenital Heart Disease and Following Cardiac Surgery

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