The vasodepressor function of the kidney: prostaglandin E2 is not the principal vasodepressor lipid of the renal medulla

Abstract

Prostaglandins are excluded as the blood pressure-lowering active principle of a total lipid kidney medulla extract. The vasodepressor principle is contained in the kidney medulla, but not in the cortex. It can be separated from endogenous emulsifying substances, is chromatographically stable, and is amenable to purification and chemical characterization.

Prostaglandin E2 released from activated microglia enhances astrocyte proliferation in vitro

“…LPS has been widely used as a means to stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators from activated microglia. Among the pro-inflammatory factors released by microglia, PGE 2 plays a crucial role in various biological events such as neuronal function, female reproduction, vascular hypertension, tumorigenesis, kidney function and inflammation (Hori et al , 1998; Zacharieva et al , 2004; Glodny and Pauli, 2006). Two enzymes responsible for the production of PGE 2 are designated as COX-1 (constitutive) and COX-2 (inducible) (Terlain et al , 1995; Griswold and Adams, 1996; Park et al , 2006).…”

Experimental selective elevation of renal medullary blood flow in hypertensive rats: evidence against short‐term hypotensive effect

“…More recently, however, in the extracorporeal renal circuit model in rabbits and in 1 kidney/1 clip hypertensive rats, fluid replacement was reported to abolish the hypotensive response to the elevation of RPP (Correa et al 2002). Muirhead (1990) suggested that the hypotensive response to medullary hyperperfusion could be mediated by a release of medullipin, a renomedullary vasodepressor hormone whose structure and functional characteristics have not yet been defined, despite a revival of interest for this substance over the past decade (Bergströ m & Evans 2004, Glodny & Pauli 2006, Folkow 2007.…”

Incretory renal functions – Tigerstedt, renin and its neglected antagonist medullipin

“…Furthermore, late in life when he summed up his impressive scientific contributions, he did not include the renin study among them. On the whole, 'silence prevailed' for nearly four decades, though occasional, evidently soon overlooked reports on renal pressor or/and depressor influences appeared (see Laragh & Brenner 1990/1995, Glodny & Pauli 2006). However, a dramatic 'turn-of-the-tides' occurred when in the 1930s Harry Goldblatt reported his now classic experiments on renal hypertension (Laragh & Brenner 1990/1995, Goldblatt 1995 in which context he referred to Tigerstedt's renin paper (Tigerstedt & Bergman 1898).…”

“…It was triggered by a recent Acta Physiologica article by Glodny & Pauli (2006) concerning improved isolation of medullipin -but is also influenced by the fact that I, since the 1950s, have had close contact with quite a few of the 'main players' in this field of research, including decades of collaboration with Muirhead concerning the physiological effects of medullipin (Gö thberg et al 1997). It was triggered by a recent Acta Physiologica article by Glodny & Pauli (2006) concerning improved isolation of medullipin -but is also influenced by the fact that I, since the 1950s, have had close contact with quite a few of the 'main players' in this field of research, including decades of collaboration with Muirhead concerning the physiological effects of medullipin (Gö thberg et al 1997).…”

“…The century-long 'gestation period' for the concept of a reciprocal reno-incretory system, involved in circulatory and volume control, is briefly outlined below. It was triggered by a recent Acta Physiologica article by Glodny & Pauli (2006) concerning improved isolation of medullipin -but is also influenced by the fact that I, since the 1950s, have had close contact with quite a few of the 'main players' in this field of research, including decades of collaboration with Muirhead concerning the physiological effects of medullipin (Gö thberg et al 1997). As the field counts innumerable studies, references are mainly restricted to key reviews or books.…”