The varied proportion of filifactor alocis in periodontal health and disease in the South Indian subpopulation

Arunraj, Rex; Neelakandan, Anila; Potluri, Ravishankar; Yadalam, PradeepKumar; Chakraborty, Priyankar; Saravanan, A

doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_803_20

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This finding of our study is similar to those of previous studies that found periodontitis had an increased frequency and a higher number of F. alocis compared to healthy sites [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. In 2021, Neelakandan et al reported higher average counts of F. alocis in chronic periodontitis cases compared to healthy controls [46]. The evidence from an association and elimination study found a strong evidence of F. alocis being associated with periodontitis [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This study observed a significant association between clinical attachment loss and the presence of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes. The results of the study confirm the data from previous studies that have reported an increased prevalence of these bacteria with increased probing depths, higher clinical attachment loss, and increased disease severity [22,25,29,46,[55][56][57]. The F. alocis genotype, which has an enhanced virulence, is found to be significantly associated with increased probing depths and progressive attachment loss [56,58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Association of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes with Periodontitis Disease Severity and Red Complex Bacteria

Shaikh,

Oswal,

Kugaji

et al. 2024

Dentistry Journal

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Oral biofilms are considered the principal etiological agent in the development of periodontitis. Novel species that may contribute to periodontitis and dysbiosis have been identified recently. The study aims to evaluate the presence of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes in healthy and diseased patients and their association with clinical parameters and with red complex bacteria. The study included 60 subjects, with 30 patients each in the healthy and periodontitis groups. The clinical parameters were noted, and samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by a polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using the Graph Pad Prism software. Results: F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). D. pneumosintes was significantly associated with T. forsythia in the periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Both of these organisms were present in sites with higher clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in periodontitis subjects and were detected more frequently in sites with a greater clinical attachment loss. It was also evident that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes can be present independently of other putative periodontal pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Association of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes with Periodontitis Disease Severity and Red Complex Bacteria

Shaikh,

Oswal,

Kugaji

et al. 2024

Dentistry Journal

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“…F. alocis has been associated with periodontitis in India, Arabic, Mexico, and the USA populations using qPCR and conventional PCR [ 20 , 32 – 34 ]. F. alocis lipoteichoic acid has recently been shown to induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-2) in human gingival fibroblasts, similar to the lipopolysaccharide of historically associated Gram-negative bacteria with periodontitis, confirming the pathogenic potential in the development and progression of periodontitis associated with this bacterium [ 35 ] According to Cross et al, D. oralis has been isolated in coaggregation with F. nucleatum [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential analysis of culturable and unculturable subgingival target microorganisms according to the stages of periodontitis

et al. 2023

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Objectives Culturable and unculturable microorganisms have been associated with periodontitis. Their differential proportions and composition have not been evaluated by their severity and complexity defined by stages in the 2018 AAP-EEP classification. Methods One hundred eighty subgingival biofilm samples were collected in Spain and Colombia from subjects categorized as health/gingivitis: periodontitis stages I/II periodontitis stages III/IV. Target culturable microorganisms (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Eubacterium nodatum) and target unculturable microorganisms (Filifactor alocis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium brachy, Desulfobulbus oralis) were evaluated by quantitative PCR analysis. In addition, their differences and association with periodontal status were analyzed by ANCOVA and logistic regression models once adjusted to age, current smoking, and country. Results P. gingivalis was significantly associated with periodontitis stages I/II, OR 2.44 (CI 95% 1.08–5.47) and stages III/V, OR 6.43 (CI 95% 2.43–16.9). T forsythia, OR 7.53 (CI 95% 2.07–27.4); D. oralis, OR 5.99 (CI 95% 2.71–13.23); F. alocis, OR 10.9 (CI 95% 4.56–23.2); E. brachy, 3.57 (CI 95% 1.40–9.11); and E. saphenum, 4.85 (CI 95% 1.99–11.7) were significantly associated only with stages III/IV periodontitis. P. gingivalis evidenced significant differences with the increase in the severity of the periodontal lesion: 2.97 colony forming unit (CFU)/μL (CI 95% 2.32–3.54) health/gingivitis, and 4.66 CFU/μL (CI 95% 4.03–5.30) and 5.90 CFU/μL (CI 95% 5.20–6.48) in stages I/II and III/IV respectively (p < 0.0001). Unculturable microorganisms only evidenced differences in concentration in stages III/IV compared with health-gingivitis (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Culturable and unculturable are strongly associated with stages III/IV periodontitis. Classic culturable microorganisms are more sensitive to differentiate between stages of periodontitis in the quantitative analysis. Clinical relevance Future interventional studies of periodontal disease should include Filifactor alocis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium brachy, and Desulfobulbus oralis as possible markers of therapy response and as indicators of progressive disease.

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“…In a later report on this US population, in sites prior to bone loss, A. actinomyctemcomitans was present in a consortium with Streptococcus parasanguinis, and the anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium Filifactor alocis [19]. Data from a South Indian population showed increased levels of F. alocis in subgingival plaque from chronic periodontitis patients, whereas levels of this species were lower in samples from the aggressive form [20]. A recent study showed that F. alocis also carries a gene encoding an RTX protein, which was referred to as ftxA [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Filifactor alocis as Associated with Periodontal Attachment Loss in a Cohort of Ghanaian Adolescents

et al. 2022

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The aims of the present study were to document the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomyctemcomitans and the emerging oral pathogen Filifactor alocis, as well as to identify genotypes of these bacterial species with enhanced virulence. In addition, these data were analyzed in relation to periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and the progression of PPD from the sampled periodontal sites during a two-year period. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 172 periodontal pockets of 68 Ghanaian adolescents. PPD at sampling varied from 3–14 mm and the progression from baseline, i.e., two years earlier up to 8 mm. The levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. alocis were determined with quantitative PCR. The highly leukotoxic JP2-genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the ftxA a gene of F. alocis, encoding a putative Repeats-in-Toxin (RTX) protein, were detected with conventional PCR. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 57%, and 14% of the samples contained the JP2 genotype. F. alocis was detected in 92% of the samples and the ftxA gene in 52%. The levels of these bacterial species were significantly associated with enhanced PPD and progression, with a more pronounced impact in sites positive for the JP2 genotype or the ftxA gene. Taken together, the results indicate that the presence of both A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. alocis with their RTX proteins are linked to increased PPD and progression of disease.

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The varied proportion of filifactor alocis in periodontal health and disease in the South Indian subpopulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Association of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes with Periodontitis Disease Severity and Red Complex Bacteria

Association of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes with Periodontitis Disease Severity and Red Complex Bacteria

Differential analysis of culturable and unculturable subgingival target microorganisms according to the stages of periodontitis

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Filifactor alocis as Associated with Periodontal Attachment Loss in a Cohort of Ghanaian Adolescents

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