The Varicocele Syndrome: Venography Determining the Optimal Level for Surgical Management

Abstract

The results of a retrospective study of 67 patients with scrotal varicocele on the left side are presented. By means of preoperative venography of the renal, internal spermatic and common iliac veins 3 types of varicocele could be distinguished in which the cause arises in the internal spermatic vein and/or the varicocele is caused by obstruction of the common iliac vein. Use of routine preoperative venography is essential to establish the etiology of the varicocele and its proper management.

Laparoscopic Surgery of Deferential Reflux in Pediatric and Adolescent Varicocele

“…Indeed, in some 75% of cases, the varicocele is caused by a reflux in a single internal spermatic vein (ISV) 3 and can be treated successfully by any approach. In the remaining cases, instead, multiple refluxing venous systems may be present.…”

Varicocele among healthy young men in Turkey; prevalence and relationship with body mass index

“…These included an increased length of the left spermatic vein, its right-angle entry into the higher pressure left renal vein, an increased absence of valves in the left spermatic vein compared with the right, and the possibility of the "nutcracker" phenomenon with compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (9,10). In general, all of these theories are based on an increased hydrostatic column of fluid within the left spermatic vein when in the upright position.…”

Arteryovenous conflicts in men with urological pathology

“…С помощью венографии почек, внутренней яичковой и общей подвздошной вен были выделены три типа вари-коцеле (рис. 15): 1) во внутренней яичковой вене (реносперматический); 2) в экстрафуникулярных венах, что было вызвано обструкцией общей под-вздошной вены, куда они впадают (илеоспермати-ческий); 3) в обеих системах одновременно (сме-шанный) [53].…”