The Variation with Age of 67 Macro- and Microelement Contents in Nonhyperplastic Prostate Glands of Adult and Elderly Males Investigated by Nuclear Analytical and Related Methods

Abstract

To clarify age-related changes of 67 macro- and microelement contents in prostate gland of adult and geriatric males, a quantitative measurement by five analytical methods was performed. The nonhyperplastic prostate glands of 65 subjects (European-Caucasian aged 21-87 years) were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides (INAA-SLR), instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides (INAA-LLR), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The prostates were obtained at autopsy from subjects who died from acute illness (cardiac insufficiency, stroke, embolism of pulmonary artery, alcohol poisoning) and trauma. None of the subjects had any symptoms of prostatic disease, and all prostates were classified as histologically normal. The combination of nuclear (EDXRF, INAA-SLR, and INAA-LLR) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES and ICP-MS) analytical methods allowed estimation of the contents of 67 chemical elements and precisely determined the mass fraction of 54 elements in the tissue samples of nonhyperplastic adult and geriatric prostate glands. This work's results reveal that there is a significant increase with age of Bi, Cd, Co, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sc, Sn, Th, U, and Zn mass fractions in the prostate tissue of healthy individuals of ages from 21 to 60 years, as well as an increase in Ba from age 61 up to 87 years. It implies that an age-related increase and excess in Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sc, Sn, Th, U, and Zn mass fraction in prostatic tissue may be one of the main factors in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (PCa).

Oxidative Stress Markers and Metal Ions are Correlated With Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Serum copper, iron, and zinc were determined by photoelectric colorimetric assay (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) following the standard protocol. 13…”

Ratios of selected chemical element contents in prostatic tissue as markers of malignancy

“…In many Western industrialized countries, including North America, PCa is the most frequently diagnosed form of noncutaneous malignancy in males and, except for lung cancer, is the leading cause of death from cancer [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Although the etiology of BPH and PCa is unknown, some electrolytes and trace elements have been highlighted in the literature in relation to the development of these prostate diseases [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Prostatic Tissue Levels of 43 Trace Elements in Patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma

“…Zaichick et al, 2012b;V. Zaichick & S. Zaichick, 2014a, 2014b, 2014cZaichick, 2015). In our earlier publications (V. Zaichick & S. Zaichick, 1999Zaichick, 2004) it was discussed in detail that the age-related excessive Zn level in prostatic tissue is probably one of the main factors influencing the initiation and progression of PCa.…”

“…Zaichick et al, 2012b;V. Zaichick & S. Zaichick, 2013, 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, 2014dZaichick, 2015). Moreover, it was found an androgen dependence of the prostatic tissue levels of some trace elements, including Zn (V. Zaichick & S. Zaichick, 2013, 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, 2014d.…”