The Variation of Surface Tension and Contact Angle under Applied Pressure of Dissolved Gases, and the Effects of These Changes on the Rate of Bubble Nucleation

Lubetkin, S.D.; Akhtar, Mahmood

doi:10.1006/jcis.1996.0272

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…A suitable and controlled nucleation site is provided by a hydrophobic micro-cavity of radius R p = 10 µm and depth 30 µm, etched in the centre of a small rectangular silicon chip (8 mm × 6 mm). A bubble grows from the pit until buoyancy overcomes the surface tension (estimated as 61 mN m −1 in our conditions) that attaches it to the pit, forcing it to detach (Lubetkin & Akhtar 1996). After this, another bubble grows from the same site in a process that can go on for hours.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The quasi-static growth of CO₂ bubbles

et al. 2014

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We study experimentally the growth of an isolated gas bubble in a slightly supersaturated water-CO 2 solution at 6 atm pressure. In contrast to what was found in previous experiments at higher supersaturation, the time evolution of the bubble radius differs noticeably from existing theoretical solutions. We trace the differences back to several combined effects of the concentration boundary layer around the bubble, which we disentangle in this work. In the early phase, the interaction with the surface on which the bubble grows slows down the process. In contrast, in the final phase, before bubble detachment, the growth rate is enhanced by the onset of density-driven convection. We also show that the bubble growth is affected by prior growth and detachment events, though they are up to 15 min apart.

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Section: Experimental Procedures and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The quasi-static growth of CO₂ bubbles

et al. 2014

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“…Accordingly, advective effects caused by concentration difference are also neglected. The diffusivity has a value of D = 1.78 × 10 −9 m 2 s −1 at saturation (Frank, Kuipers & van Swaaij 1996;Cussler 2009;Lu et al 2013), whereas the surface tension is σ = 0.059 N m −1 (Lubetkin & Akhtar (1996), lower than the value for pure water due to the high pressure level and the large amount of dissolved gas, as can be found in Eötvös (1886) The sequence corresponds to the first bubble growing on the substrate after the pressure decrease. It can be appreciated that the bubble gains an almost perfect spherical shape from the very early stages after nucleation.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 86%

Gas depletion through single gas bubble diffusive growth and its effect on subsequent bubbles

et al. 2017

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When a gas bubble grows by diffusion in a gas-liquid solution, it affects the distribution of gas in its surroundings. If the density of the solution is sensitive to the local amount of dissolved gas, there is the potential for the onset of natural convection, which will affect the bubble growth rate. The experimental study of the successive quasi-static growth of many bubbles from the same nucleation site described in this paper illustrates some consequences of this effect. The enhanced growth due to convection causes a local depletion of dissolved gas in the neighbourhood of each bubble beyond that due to pure diffusion. The quantitative data of sequential bubble growth provided in the paper show that the radius-versus-time curves of subsequent bubbles differ from each other due to this phenomenon. A simplified model accounting for the local depletion is able to collapse the experimental curves and to predict the progressively increasing bubble detachment times.

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“…In other research [Lubektin and Akhtar, 1996], it has been reported that when CO 2 dissolves in pure water, the surface tension of water decreases. This results is not in disagreement with the one reported above, because if CO 2 dissolves in pure water the concentration of H þ , HCO 3 À , CO 3 À is increasing, while when it dissolves in SBF, it can increase the concentration level of HCO 3 À and CO 3 À but the concentration of H þ is kept almost constant by the buffering reactions.…”

Section: Spontaneous Processes Without Em-elf Exposurementioning

confidence: 95%

Interfacial effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EM‐ELF) on the vaporization step of carbon dioxide from aqueous solutions of body simulated fluid (SBF)

Beruto

Botter

Perfumo

et al. 2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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Spontaneous processes in an aqueous solution of body simulated fluid (SBF) were monitored in closed vessel for a period of 1 month at 310 K, at atm pressure, and initial pH of 7.2, both with and without exposure to a square pulsed extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EM-ELF) of 250 microT, repeated at 75 Hz. The most important findings are that the SBF surface tension (gamma), evaluated under the EM-ELF field, is lower than the corresponding value measured without EM-ELF at any time. Furthermore, the pH of the exposed SBF is always more basic than that of the unexposed solution. As a consequence, when the EM-ELF is applied, calcium phosphate salts do not precipitate from the SBF solution for a period as long as 30 days. Behind all these experimental evidences there is only one mechanism: the vaporisation from the SBF-air interface of the CO(2)(aq) dissolved into the aqueous electrolyte solution. Thermodynamic analysis of these results establish that, at any given time, the difference, Delta, between the measured surface tensions with and without EM-ELF applied, gives the work of the electromagnetic forces to change the extent at which the CO(2)(aq) adsorbs at the liquid-air interface. It has been demonstrated that the work supply per second and per unit of area by the electromagnetic forces, 3.73 x 10(-10) mJ/s cm(2), is very near to the experimental slope in the plot Delta vs. t 1.7 x 10(-10) mJ/s cm(2). This leads to the conclusion that the EM-ELF fields have an interfacial effect on the concentration value of the CO(2) (aq) at the SBF-air interface. Because of that, the EM-ELF field is enhancing the CO(2) vaporisation rate; thus any other steps, which are a consequence of this mechanism, are changing. These results allow explanation of previous experiments concerning the precipitation of calcium carbonate from flowing hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution in the temperature range 353-373 K at a pressure of 0.1 MPa under the effect of static magnetic fields.

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The Variation of Surface Tension and Contact Angle under Applied Pressure of Dissolved Gases, and the Effects of These Changes on the Rate of Bubble Nucleation

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

The quasi-static growth of CO₂ bubbles

The quasi-static growth of CO₂ bubbles

Gas depletion through single gas bubble diffusive growth and its effect on subsequent bubbles

Interfacial effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EM‐ELF) on the vaporization step of carbon dioxide from aqueous solutions of body simulated fluid (SBF)

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The Variation of Surface Tension and Contact Angle under Applied Pressure of Dissolved Gases, and the Effects of These Changes on the Rate of Bubble Nucleation

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

The quasi-static growth of CO2 bubbles

The quasi-static growth of CO2 bubbles

Gas depletion through single gas bubble diffusive growth and its effect on subsequent bubbles

Interfacial effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EM‐ELF) on the vaporization step of carbon dioxide from aqueous solutions of body simulated fluid (SBF)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The quasi-static growth of CO₂ bubbles

The quasi-static growth of CO₂ bubbles