The variation of chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 and formation causes during two haze pollution events in urban Beijing, China

Gao, Jiajia; Tian, Hezhong; Cheng, Ke; Lu, Lu; Zheng, Mei; Wang, Yafei; Hao, Jiming; Wang, Kun; Hua, Shenbing; Zhu, Chuanyong; Wang, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.022

Cited by 254 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition to the highest planetary boundary layer height during clear days Lin et al, 2011;, the highest wind speed during both nighttime and daytime on clear days also favored diffusion of pollutants, resulting in the lowest levels of atmospheric NMHCs on clear days. Both the relatively high boundary layer (Gao et al, 2015;Quan et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013) and wind speeds could result in the lowest levels of the pollutants during nighttime, which were suspected to make the peak levels of atmospheric NMHCs more evident during daytime rush hours.…”

Section: Diurnal Variations In Nmhcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The levels, variation characteristics, and sources of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds during wintertime in Beijing, China

Liu

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds (NMHCs) were measured at a sampling site in Beijing city from 15 December 2015 to 14 January 2016 to recognize their pollution levels, variation characteristics, and sources. We quantified 53 NMHCs, and the proportions of alkanes, alkenes, acetylene, and aromatics to the total NMHCs were 49. 8-55.8, 21.5-24.7, 13.5-15.9, and 9.3-10.7 %, respectively. The variation trends in the NMHC concentrations were basically identical and exhibited remarkable fluctuation, which was mainly ascribed to the variation in meteorological conditions, especially wind speed. The diurnal variations in NMHCs on clear days exhibited two peaks during the morning and evening rush hours, whereas the rush hours' peaks diminished or even disappeared on the haze days, implying that the relative contribution of the vehicular emissions to atmospheric NMHCs depended on the pollution status. Two evident peaks of the propane / propene ratios appeared in the early morning before sun rise and at noontime on clear days, whereas only one peak occurred in the afternoon during the haze days, which were attributed to the relatively fast reactions of propene with OH, NO 3 , and O 3 . Based on the chemical kinetic equations, the daytime OH concentrations were calculated to be in the range of 3.47 × 10 5 -1.04 × 10 6 molecules cm −3 on clear days and 6.42×10 5 -2.35×10 6 molecules cm −3 on haze days. The nighttime NO 3 concentrations were calculated to be in the range of 2.82 × 10 9 -4.86 × 10 9 molecules cm −3 on clear days. The correlation coefficients of typical hydrocarbon pairs (benzene / toluene, o-xylene / m,p-xylene, isopentane / n-pentane, etc.) revealed that vehicular emissions and coal combustion were important sources for atmospheric NMHCs in Beijing during the wintertime. Five major emission sources for atmospheric NMHCs in Beijing during the wintertime were further identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF), including gasoline-related emissions (gasoline exhaust and evaporation), coal combustion, diesel exhaust, acetylene-related emissions, and consumer and household products. Coal combustion (probably domestic coal combustion) was found to make the greatest contribution (29.6-33.4 %) to atmospheric NMHCs during haze days.

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Section: Diurnal Variations In Nmhcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The levels, variation characteristics, and sources of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds during wintertime in Beijing, China

Liu

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Water-soluble ions are important components of PM 2.5 (Yao et al, 2002;Chan and Yao, 2008;Gao et al, 2015). It has been shown that NH þ 4 , NO À 3 and SO 2À 4 represent the major ions of PM 2.5 in the Beijing atmosphere accounting for 9.8%, 12.0% and 16% of the PM 2.5 mass (R.J. .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past few years, Beijing is frequently suffering from haze events as do numerous cities in China (Chan and Yao, 2008; R.J. Li and Zhang, 2014;Wang et al, 2014;Gao et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2016) as well as globally (e.g., Cheng et al, 2016). Of particular concern is particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) having a significant impact on human health, global climate change and regional visibility (Pope and Dockery, 2006;IPCC, 2007;R.J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the pollution control measures on PM2.5 during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade: Implication from water-soluble ions and sulfur isotope

Han

Guo

Liu

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tAir pollution by particulate matter is a serious problem in Beijing. Strict pollution control measures have been carried out in Beijing prior to and during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade in order to improve air quality. This distinct event provides an excellent opportunity for investigating the impact of such measures on the chemical properties of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ). The water-soluble ions as well as sulfur and oxygen isotopes of sulfate in PM 2.5 collected between August 19 and September 18, 2015 (n ¼ 31) were analyzed in order to trace the sources and formation processes of PM 2.5 in Beijing. The results exhibit a decrease in concentration of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 including aerosol sulfate. In contrast, the mean values of d 34 S sulfate (4.7 ± 0.8‰ vs. 5.0 ± 2.0‰) and d 18 O sulfate (18.3 ± 2.3‰ vs. 17.2 ± 6.0) in PM 2.5 during the air pollution control period and the non-source control period exhibit no significant differences, which suggests that despite a reduction in concentration, the sulfate source remains identical for the two periods. It is inferred that the decrease in concentration of sulfate in PM 2.5 mainly results from variations in air mass transport. Notably, the air mass during the pollution control period originated mainly from north and northeast and changed to southerly directions thereafter. The sulfur and oxygen isotopes of the sulfate point to coal combustion as the major source of sulfate in PM 2.5 from the Beijing area.

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“…According to the data from environmental monitoring, continuous heavy haze pollution increased dramatically in China (Cheng et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014;Gao et al, 2015). The average numbers of haze days in China shows a rising trend from 1992 to 2013 (NCCCMA, 2011;MEPC, 1996e2011;MEPC, 2012e2013), and it indicates the trend of accelerating growth after 2002.…”

Section: Implications and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimate of sulfur, arsenic, mercury, fluorine emissions due to spontaneous combustion of coal gangue: An important part of Chinese emission inventories

Wang

Luo

Wang

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

162

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a b s t r a c tA rough estimate of the annual amount of sulfur, arsenic, mercury and fluoride emission from spontaneous combustion of coal gangue in China was determined. The weighted mean concentrations of S, As, Hg, and F in coal gangue are 1.01%, 7.98, 0.18, and 365.54 mg/kg, respectively. Amounts of S, As, Hg, and F emissions from coal gangue spontaneous combustion show approximately 1.13 Mt, and 246, 45, and 63,298 tons in 2013, respectively. The atmospheric release amount of sulfur from coal gangue is more than one tenth of this from coal combustion, and the amounts of As, Hg, and F are close to or even exceed those from coal combustion. China's coal gangue production growth from 1992 to 2013 show an obvious growth since 2002. It may indicate that Chinese coal gangue has become a potential source of air pollution, which should be included in emission inventories.

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The variation of chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 and formation causes during two haze pollution events in urban Beijing, China

Cited by 254 publications

References 29 publications

The levels, variation characteristics, and sources of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds during wintertime in Beijing, China

The levels, variation characteristics, and sources of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon compounds during wintertime in Beijing, China

Effect of the pollution control measures on PM2.5 during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade: Implication from water-soluble ions and sulfur isotope

Estimate of sulfur, arsenic, mercury, fluorine emissions due to spontaneous combustion of coal gangue: An important part of Chinese emission inventories

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