The Variants in ADIPOQ are Associated with Maternal Circulating Adipokine Profile in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common association with hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance during pregnancy. The adipokines play an important to control insulin secretion and glucose. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal circulating adipokine levels and ADIPOQ gene polymorphism among pregnant women subjects with GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Methods Participants including 229 normal pregnant women and 197 GDM pregnant women were enrolled from 2015 to 2018 at Siriraj hospital. Serum adipokine levels including adiponectin, adipsin/factor D, NGAL/Lipocalin-2, total PAI-1, and resistin were measured by immunoassay. ADIPOQ variations were investigated including −11377C/G (rs266729), +45T/G (rs2241766), and +276G/T (rs1501299). Results Serum adiponectin concentration was also significantly decreased among the GDM who had aged less than 35 years old whereas adipsin levels were significantly lower among the GDM who had aged more than 35 years old. Also, adiponectin and total PAI-1 levels were significantly lower among the GDM who had a BMI of less than 30 kg/m 2 . The G allele frequency of ADIPOQ +45T/G was significantly different between GDM and controls (p = 0.03). ADIPOQ +45T/G was associated with an increased risk of GDM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.554; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010–2.390; p =0.045). The −11377C/G was affected by the level of adiponectin (p = 0.04). The C allele of −11377C/G SNP declined serum adiponectin levels and may be a risk factor for GDM. Conclusion This study revealed that genetics play important roles in circulating adipokines among pregnant women. ADIPOQ polymorphisms had significant associations with adiponectin levels in GDM patients.

Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Polymorphisms in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…ADIPOQ rs266729 (C > G) allele G increased the risk of GDM in Asian and European populations [46,47], while reducing it in the American population [48]. The study of Chinese women did not show a significant difference in the genotypes and allele frequencies of rs266729 between GDM patients and the control [49].…”

“…The study of Chinese women did not show a significant difference in the genotypes and allele frequencies of rs266729 between GDM patients and the control [49]. The patient's carrier allele G had a higher adiponectin level [46] and diastolic blood pressure [49] compared to carrier allele C. In contrast, the study of Bulgarian women elucidated that the G allele had a protective effect against GDM [50]. Another SNP in the promoter region, rs17300539 (G > A) allele G, was associated with lower adiponectin [51].…”

Questions Regarding Variants in ADIPOQ in Maternal Circulating Adipokine Profile in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [Letter]

“…We do feel gratitude towards the authors of this article. 3 However, a few discussions provided here could, hopefully, be considered as insightful input in their future studies. The study was performed in order to investigate the association of ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms in pregnant women who could probably be diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus.…”

“…The study was performed in order to investigate the association of ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms in pregnant women who could probably be diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. 3 However, the polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene were detected from rs266729, rs2241766, and rs1501299. This study detected polymorphisms that were not included among those playing an important role as a risk factor in a previous report.…”

“… 2 In addition, we noticed that there were several types of adipokine serums detected in their study, such as adiponectin, adipsin/factor D, lipocalin, total PAI-1, and resistin. 3 However, a previous study stated that circulating aprosin, the adipokine serum, was reviewed as a promising candidate for both novel pharmacological treatment strategies and diagnostic tools in clinical cases of diabetes mellitus. 1 Therefore, the detection of aprosin was recommended to be included in future studies to reach a comprehensive conclusion.…”