The variability of the large-amplitude internal wave field on the Australian North West Shelf

Gastel, Paul Van; Ivey, Gregory; Meuleners, Michael J.; Antenucci, Jason P.; Fringer, Oliver B.

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2009.02.006

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The position of the thermocline changes from 20 m depth in March to 90 m depth in May due to the combination of seasonal heating/cooling and wind-driven mixing processes. During this period, highly nonlinear waves of depression were only observed when the thermocline was positioned above mid-depth, and only waves of elevation were observed when the thermocline was below mid depth [25], which agrees with the experimental observations in this paper (see Figs. 5 and 6).…”

Section: Field Observationssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…10. Note the position of regime boundaries are best estimates from the present experimental runs (see Table 1), but also includes experimental results from Baines and Fang [1], Ramirez and Renouard [22], and field measurements taken from the North Rankin region on the Australian NWS (discussed later) [25]. The regions where the regimes overlap suggest a mixture of wave responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Van Gastel et al [25] described results from a field experiment in the North Rankin region which measured current velocity and temperature data from a stationary mooring and a benthic L-shaped array in 124 m of water. Furthermore they applied the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) model over an 800 km by 500 km domain to characterize the physical oceanography in the region.…”

Section: Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During the late summer months (March to April) when the vertical density gradient is the strongest, some of the largest nonlinear internal waves, with amplitudes of up to 80 m in water of 125 m depth, are observed [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The generation of internal waves by tidal flow over continental shelf/slope topography

2008

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Experiments were performed to investigate the generation of internal waves induced by a barotropic tidal flow over continental shelf/slope topography in a two-layer stratified fluid. The interaction of the barotropic tide with the continental slope resulted in the formation of both linear and nonlinear waveforms, ranging from a linear wave of depression to a highly nonlinear internal bolus. The type of wave response was strongly dependent on the tidal forcing intensity and the position of the density interface relative to the shelf depth. Based on the values of the internal Froude number and the layer depth ratio, we delineate four distinct generation regimes, each with a distinct wave response.

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Section: Field Observationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The generation of internal waves by tidal flow over continental shelf/slope topography

2008

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“…However, large-amplitude internal waves (LIW) of short wavelengths (e.g., ''solitons'' or ''solitary wave trains'') were not resolved. The hydrostatic approximation also eliminated some dynamics that govern generation, growth, and propagation of LIWs (Van Gastel et al, 2009), which have been routinely observed in the MAB during the summer months and may contribute to bottom stress and sediment transport (Butman et al, 1979(Butman et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Circulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing wave- and current- induced bottom shear stress: U.S. middle Atlantic continental shelf

Dalyander

Butman

Sherwood

et al. 2013

Continental Shelf Research

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a b s t r a c tWaves and currents create bottom shear stress, a force at the seabed that influences sediment texture distribution, micro-topography, habitat, and anthropogenic use. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the magnitude, variability, and driving mechanisms of bottom stress and resultant sediment mobility on regional scales using numerical model output. The analysis was applied to the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), off the U.S. East Coast, and identified a tidally-dominated shallow region with relatively high stress southeast of Massachusetts over Nantucket Shoals, where sediment mobility thresholds are exceeded over 50% of the time; a coastal band extending offshore to about 30 m water depth dominated by waves, where mobility occurs more than 20% of the time; and a quiescent low stress region southeast of Long Island, approximately coincident with an area of fine-grained sediments called the ''Mud Patch''. The regional high in stress and mobility over Nantucket Shoals supports the hypothesis that fine grain sediment winnowed away in this region maintains the Mud Patch to the southwest. The analysis identified waves as the driving mechanism for stress throughout most of the MAB, excluding Nantucket Shoals and sheltered coastal bays where tides dominate; however, the relative dominance of low-frequency events varied regionally, and increased southward toward Cape Hatteras. The correlation between wave stress and local wind stress was lowest in the central MAB, indicating a relatively high contribution of swell to bottom stress in this area, rather than locally generated waves. Accurate prediction of the wave energy spectrum was critical to produce good estimates of bottom shear stress, which was sensitive to energy in the long period waves.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Near‐inertial ocean response to tropical cyclone forcing on the Australian North‐West Shelf

et al. 2015

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The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) was applied to the Australian North‐West Shelf (NWS) to hindcast the ocean response to four intense historical tropical cyclones (TCs). While the four cyclones had very different trajectories across the NWS, all passed within 150 km of a long‐term vertical mooring located on the continental shelf in 125 m depth. The observed ocean response at this relatively shallow, Southern Hemisphere shelf site was characterized by the development of a peak in the counter‐clockwise (CCW) near‐inertial kinetic energy, mixed layer deepening, and subsequent restratification. Strong near‐inertial isotherm oscillations were also observed following two of the cyclones. ROMS reproduced these features and also showed that the peak in the near‐inertial CCW kinetic energy was observed on the left side of each cyclone trajectory. The time rate of change of near‐inertial kinetic energy depended strongly on the storm Rossby number, i.e., defined based on the storm speed, the storm length scale, and the Coriolis frequency. The shallow water depth on the NWS resulted in first, a more rapid decay of near‐inertial oscillations than in the deep ocean, and second a generation efficiency (the ratio of near‐inertial power to the rate of wind work) of up to 10%, smaller than found for cyclones propagating across deeper water. The total energy put into near‐inertial motions is nevertheless large compared to the background tidal energy. The rapid decay of near‐inertial motions emphasizes the importance of frictional effects in characterizing the response to cyclone forcing in shallow seas.

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The variability of the large-amplitude internal wave field on the Australian North West Shelf

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

The generation of internal waves by tidal flow over continental shelf/slope topography

The generation of internal waves by tidal flow over continental shelf/slope topography

Characterizing wave- and current- induced bottom shear stress: U.S. middle Atlantic continental shelf

Near‐inertial ocean response to tropical cyclone forcing on the Australian North‐West Shelf

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