The vaporization of NH4NO3

Chien, Wen‐Ming; Chandra, Dhanesh; Lau, K. H.; Hildenbrand, D. L.; Helmy, A.M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2010.01.012

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The measured evaporation of AN was reproduced using C * and H VAP of 76 µg m −3 (corresponding to 2.6 × 10 −3 Pa) and 152 kJ mol −1 , respectively. The obtained H VAP is 1.5 times higher than reported previously (Brandner et al, 1962;Hildenbrand et al, 2010a, b;Salo et al, 2011), and the saturation vapor concentration is of the same magnitude as in previous studies (Brandner et al, 1962;Chien et al, 2010). For AS, C * and H VAP of 2 × 10 −3 µg m −3 and H VAP of 94 kJ mol −1 reproduced the measurements best.…”

Section: Kinetic Evaporation Modelsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…A high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, USA) was used to determine the chemical composition of aerosol particles during the experimental period. Detailed description of the instrument, measurement and data processing can be found in other publications (DeCarlo et al, 2006;Canagaratna et al, 2007). A Sunset semi-continuous OC / EC analyzer was deployed to determine the mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in aerosols using a thermal-optical protocol (Bauer et al, 2009).…”

Section: Particle Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For AS, C * and H VAP of 2 × 10 −3 µg m −3 and H VAP of 94 kJ mol −1 reproduced the measurements best. Chien et al (2010) reported an observation of AN partially decomposing to NH 3 and HNO 3 upon heating. Huffman et al (2009) for the simulation of the evaporation of inorganics.…”

Section: Kinetic Evaporation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of the organic aerosol volatility in a boreal forest using two independent methods

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The volatility distribution of secondary organic aerosols that formed and had undergone aging – i.e., the particle mass fractions of semi-volatile, low-volatility and extremely low volatility organic compounds in the particle phase – was characterized in a boreal forest environment of Hyytiälä, southern Finland. This was done by interpreting field measurements using a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA) with a kinetic evaporation model. The field measurements were performed during April and May 2014. On average, 40 % of the organics in particles were semi-volatile, 34 % were low-volatility organics and 26 % were extremely low volatility organics. The model was, however, very sensitive to the vaporization enthalpies assumed for the organics (ΔHVAP). The best agreement between the observed and modeled temperature dependence of the evaporation was obtained when effective vaporization enthalpy values of 80 kJ mol−1 were assumed. There are several potential reasons for the low effective enthalpy value, including molecular decomposition or dissociation that might occur in the particle phase upon heating, mixture effects and compound-dependent uncertainties in the mass accommodation coefficient. In addition to the VTDMA-based analysis, semi-volatile and low-volatility organic mass fractions were independently determined by applying positive matrix factorization (PMF) to high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) data. The factor separation was based on the oxygenation levels of organics, specifically the relative abundance of mass ions at m∕z 43 (f43) and m∕z 44 (f44). The mass fractions of these two organic groups were compared against the VTDMA-based results. In general, the best agreement between the VTDMA results and the PMF-derived mass fractions of organics was obtained when ΔHVAP =  80 kJ mol−1 was set for all organic groups in the model, with a linear correlation coefficient of around 0.4. However, this still indicates that only about 16 % (R2) of the variation can be explained by the linear regression between the results from these two methods. The prospect of determining of extremely low volatility organic aerosols (ELVOAs) from AMS data using the PMF analysis should be assessed in future studies.

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Section: Kinetic Evaporation Modelsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Particle Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of the organic aerosol volatility in a boreal forest using two independent methods

et al. 2017

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“…The exact reasoning behind the observed isotope fractionation effects, however, is beyond the scope of the current manuscript. In principle, 15 N fractionation for the conversion of the ammonia nitrogen atom into the β position of the N 2 O molecule might occur during the initial reaction step, NH 4 NO 3 dissociation into ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ), as studied by Urey et al ., or the oxidation of NH 3 by a nitronium ion (NO 2 + ), which yields N 2 O and H 2 O. NO 2 + is generated in an intermediate reaction step by protonation of HNO 3 to H 2 NO 3 + and H 2 O cleavage …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment of the NH₄NO₃ thermal decomposition technique for calibration of the N₂O isotopic composition

Mohn

Gutjahr

Toyoda

et al. 2016

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The study reveals that the completeness and reproducibility of the NH NO decomposition reaction currently confine the anchoring of N O site-specific isotopic composition to the international isotope ratio scale AIR-N . The authors suggest establishing a set of N O isotope reference materials with appropriate site-specific isotopic composition, as community standards, to improve inter-laboratory compatibility. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…However, in addition to differences in single-particle vaporization event peak area, also differences in peak width and shape can be seen for the three ions. This is likely associated with the thermal decomposition processes occurring during the particle vaporization event (Chien et al, 2010;Ellis and Murray, 1953;Rosser and Wise, 1956):…”

Section: Single-particle Vaporization Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol mass spectrometry: particle–vaporizer interactions and their consequences for the measurements

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) is a frequently used instrument for on-line measurement of the ambient sub-micron aerosol composition. With the help of calibrations and a number of assumptions on the flash vaporization and electron impact ionization processes, this instrument provides robust quantitative information on various non-refractory ambient aerosol components. However, when measuring close to certain anthropogenic or marine sources of semi-refractory aerosols, several of these assumptions may not be met and measurement results might easily be incorrectly interpreted if not carefully analyzed for unique ions, isotope patterns, and potential slow vaporization associated with semi-refractory species.Here we discuss various aspects of the interaction of aerosol particles with the AMS tungsten vaporizer and the consequences for the measurement results: semi-refractory components -i.e., components that vaporize but do not flashvaporize at the vaporizer and ionizer temperatures, like metal halides (e.g., chlorides, bromides or iodides of Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Na, Pb, Sr, Zn) -can be measured semiquantitatively despite their relatively slow vaporization from the vaporizer. Even though non-refractory components (e.g., NH 4 NO 3 or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) vaporize quickly, under certain conditions their differences in vaporization kinetics can result in undesired biases in ion collection efficiency in thresholded measurements. Chemical reactions with oxygen from the aerosol flow can have an influence on the mass spectra for certain components (e.g., organic species). Finally, chemical reactions of the aerosol with the vaporizer surface can result in additional signals in the mass spectra (e.g., WO 2 Cl 2 -related signals from particulate Cl) and in conditioning or contamination of the vaporizer, with potential memory effects influencing the mass spectra of subsequent measurements.Laboratory experiments that investigate these particlevaporizer interactions are presented and are discussed together with field results, showing that measurements of typical continental or urban aerosols are not significantly affected, while measurements of semi-refractory aerosol in the laboratory, close to anthropogenic sources or in marine environments, can be biased by these effects.

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The vaporization of NH4NO3

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Estimates of the organic aerosol volatility in a boreal forest using two independent methods

Estimates of the organic aerosol volatility in a boreal forest using two independent methods

Reassessment of the NH₄NO₃ thermal decomposition technique for calibration of the N₂O isotopic composition

Aerosol mass spectrometry: particle–vaporizer interactions and their consequences for the measurements

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The vaporization of NH4NO3

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Estimates of the organic aerosol volatility in a boreal forest using two independent methods

Estimates of the organic aerosol volatility in a boreal forest using two independent methods

Reassessment of the NH4NO3 thermal decomposition technique for calibration of the N2O isotopic composition

Aerosol mass spectrometry: particle–vaporizer interactions and their consequences for the measurements

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Reassessment of the NH₄NO₃ thermal decomposition technique for calibration of the N₂O isotopic composition