The Value of the Organic Phosphorus Insecticides Malathion and Diazinon for the Protection of Sheep Against Body STRIKE.1

Riches, J. H.; O’Sullivan, Patrick

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1957.tb14694.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Further, Riches and O'Sullivan (1957) have shown that although Malathion does not protect sheep against blowflies f o r quite as long as Aldrin and Dieldrin, Diazinon protects them f o r a longer period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Preliminary Note on the Efficiency of Some of the New Insecticides Against Psorergates Ovis, the Itch Mite of Sheep.

Murray¹

1957

Aust Veterinary J

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During the last few years several new insecticides have become available and this short communication is a preliminary report on the efficiency of some of them against Psorergates om& the itch-mite of sheep, as indicated by the so called "patch test". I n this technique the fleece on about one square foot of the body of an infested sheep is clipped to within half an inch of the skin. A skin scraping, taken from the centre of this area, is examined before the area is saturated with the insecticide under test after which further skin scrapings are examined periodically.If one insecticide is tested on each animal it is possible, by examining a t regular intervals, to gain an indication of the residual effect of the insecticide as gauged by the speed of reinfestation. If, however, the test is used solely as a screening technique, several insecticides can be tested on the one sheep and an examination on the second day after treatment shows whether the mites are alive or dead. Only sheep carrying a large mite population are satisfactory because at least 20 mites should be present in any skin scrapings from the test animals. Further, because the immature stages of Psorergates oeis are spent under the cornified layer of the skin, next to the living cells of the epidermis, and are thus protected whereas the adults wander freely over the skin surface, a t least half the mites in a skin scraping should be immature stages.Few heavily infested sheep were available so the screening technique was used and the results were classified as a satisfactory kill when all the mites in a scraping were dead or only one living mite was present at the examination on the second day. I n skin scrapings taken after treatment with insecticides or concentrations which were judged as unsatisfactory, the proportion of dead mites, either adult or immature forms, seldom exceeded 50%. Discussion.The results agree in general with those of the South African workers (Fiedler and Du Toit 1955) who used a different screening technique and it is apparent that the organic phosphorus insecticides show promise. Those which have been tested against the other common external parasites found on sheep in Australia, namely, the body-louse Damalinia ovis, the ked, Melophagus ovinus and the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, have given excellent results. F o r example, in our tests on small numbers of individual sheep Malathion and Diazinon have been found to kill the bodylouse and emerging nymphs a t a concentration of 0.001% and in a small trial the same concentration of Diazinon also killed adult keds. When these sheep were examined three weeks TABLE 1. Efficiency of some new insecticides against Psorergates ouis. Imecticide Satisfactorw kill Unsatisfactory Chlorinated hydrocarbons : B.H.C. 0.5 76 0.1 % Aldrin -0.5 76 Thiodan 0.5 % 0.1 % Organic phosphorus compounds : Malathion O X % , 0.470, 0.2% 0.01% Diazinon 0.570, 0.01% 0.005 % Ne, @UVOll (delta isomer) (TJ 13/59) 0.5%, O . l % , 0.01%-I n addition, two insecticides, B.H.C. (gamma isomer) and Dieldrin were adm...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Preliminary Note on the Efficiency of Some of the New Insecticides Against Psorergates Ovis, the Itch Mite of Sheep.

Murray¹

1957

Aust Veterinary J

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“…A t higher concentrations Aldrin and Dieldrin were superior to DDT and RIIC. Riches et al (1957) showed Malathion a t 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.25% gave dficicnt protection for 7, 8, 9 and 10 weeks r(ymtive'1y. Aldrin and Dieldrin at similar eonccntrations were effective for 11-18 weeks.…”

Section: Insectary Testsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Opening of Discussion

Moule¹

1957

Aust Veterinary J

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“…du Toit andFiedler (1953 ancl 1954) used numerous insecticides, inclnding dieldrin, by soaking the fleece to the skin in a manner similar to jetting; Wright ei a1 (loc cit) used dieldrin, diazinoii, alilrin and B.H.C. by both jetting and surface spraying, while Riches and O'Sullivan (1957) used dieldrin, diazinon, aldrin and malathion by jetting to the skin. Most of these artificial methods rely upon the establishment of flystrike 311 the body wool of the sheep and the measure of the difference between the results of protection against artificially induced bocly strike and those of pi*otection against crutch strike in the ticld can be seen by comparing the results of Riches ancl O'Sullivan (loc c i t ) , who observed a protection period of 16-18 weeks against artificially induced body strike given by jetting with 0.02% w/v diazinoii and those of Skerman & Pryor (1957), who observed 6 weeks protection against crutch strike in the field by jetting with thc same strength of diazinon (0.02% w/v).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%