The value of regular monitoring and diverse sampling techniques to assess aquatic non-native species: a case study from Orkney

Kakkonen, Jenni E.; Worsfold, Tim M.; Ashelby, Christopher W.; Taylor, A.; Beaton, Kathy P

doi:10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.04

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This is unfortunate as these taxa are among the most invasive species at a global level. It is important to note that fast field assessment surveys, such as RAS, are a powerful and needed tool, allowing a cost-effective surveillance of large territories with a high temporal frequency (Campbell et al 2007;Kakkonen et al 2019). They actually proved effective to monitor the spread of already reported NIS (e.g., Cohen et al 2005;Bishop et al 2015) as well as to discover novel NIS (e.g., Asterocarpa humilis (Heller, 1878), Bishop et al 2013).…”

Section: Didemnum Mesenbrinummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Survey methods to detect introduced marine species (reviewed in Campbell et al 2007, Kakkonen et al 2019 include non-destructive visual surveys such as rapid assessment surveys (RAS, e.g., Cohen et al 2005, Bishop et al 2015, Nall et al 2015, photographic methods (e.g., Grey 2009), or BioBlitz surveys (e.g., Cohen et al 2011). Often, there is no time, money, or expertise for sampling followed by in-depth accurate morphological or molecular analyses of the specimens found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Looks can be deceiving: Didemnum pseudovexillum sp. nov. (Ascidiacea) in European harbours

et al. 2020

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A strongly divergent lineage, putatively a new cryptic species, of colonial ascidian was first detected as an anomalous sample in a population genomics study of the well-known worldwide invasive species Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002. This putative new taxon, found in a marina in Roscoff, France, is indistinguishable from Didemnum vexillum in external aspect and coexists with it in syntopy. However, morphological characters such as spicules and larvae allow a clear-cut distinction. In accordance with the preliminary results based on genome-wide analyses, morphological traits and mitochondrial sequences of the Cytochrome Oxidase I gene both support the establishment of a new species Didemnum pseudovexillum sp. nov. Previous unidentified sequences in public databases showed that the new species is also present in NW Mediterranean marinas. Didemnum pseudovexillum sp. nov. is assigned for the time being a cryptogenic species status, although its presently known disjoint distribution across two biogeographic regions and its presence in ports are suggestive of an introduced species. Further studies should be performed to ascertain its current distribution and putative natural range and settle its native vs. non-native status. This finding casts doubts on previous reports of Didemnum vexillum and also calls for caution when performing fast field surveys of non-indigenous species such as Rapid Assessment Surveys (RAS) or BioBlitz surveys, based solely on external characters.

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Section: Didemnum Mesenbrinummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looks can be deceiving: Didemnum pseudovexillum sp. nov. (Ascidiacea) in European harbours

et al. 2020

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“…While traditional RAS are known to be an effective approach to detect new introductions and monitor known non-native species populations (Cohen et al, 2005;Arenas et al, 2006;Bishop et al, 2015a;Nall et al, 2015;Kakkonen et al, 2019), these require the field deployment of taxonomists or trained parataxonomists and may still fail to detect inconspicuous species or the early stages of an incursion. Furthermore, RAS are not a suitable tool to measure the potential impact of invasive nonnative species on native communities and habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Kirkwall marina, a dedicated marine non-native species monitoring program has been on-going since 2013, including RASs and morphological identification of biofouling in scrapes from marina hard surfaces and deployed settlement panels. This monitoring program has resulted in the recording of nineteen non-native species but no D. vexillum was found since the monitoring began (Kakkonen et al, 2019). At Stranraer marina, RA surveys and settlement panels have been deployed between 2016 and 2018 (unpublished data, Solway Firth Partnership) and as in Kirkwall marina, no D. vexillum was recorded.…”

Section: Consistency In Detection Of Didemnum Vexillum Edna and Correlation With Traditional Surveys And Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk-based and regular monitoring for nonnative species, specifically targeting their introductory hot spots, is the most cost-effective strategy to ensure rapid detection of invaders to protect the marine environment and economy. Long-term monitoring programs often apply rapid assessment survey (RAS) protocols (Cohen et al, 2005;Arenas et al, 2006;Bishop et al, 2015a;Nall et al, 2015;Kakkonen et al, 2019) where a large proportion of non-native species identification is conducted in the field, although for some taxa laboratory examination is required. Field identification enables rapid reporting of findings, with potential for early management interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental DNA Based Surveillance for the Highly Invasive Carpet Sea Squirt Didemnum vexillum: A Targeted Single-Species Approach

et al. 2021

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The presence and diversity of marine non-native species, the number of new invasions, and the impact on native communities and habitats are important metrics used to assess the health of marine ecosystems. Monitoring for marine non-native species, using traditional approaches such as rapid assessment surveys (RASs), requires taxonomic expertise and may still fail to detect rare or inconspicuous species. This study reports a validation process for a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene, designed to detect highly invasive tunicate Didemnum vexillum by targeting environmental DNA (eDNA) present in water samples. The D. vexillum qPCR assay showed high sensitivity, with the threshold limit of detection (LOD) and modeled LOD3 (based on triplicate qPCR reactions) estimated as 9.187 and 1.117 copies reaction–1, respectively and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated as 18 copies reaction–1. Analyses of water samples collected from selected Pacific oyster farms and recreational marinas in Scotland showed 100% concordance between the historical data on presence of D. vexillum from RASs and detection of D. vexillum eDNA. Consistency of detection of D. vexillum eDNA among different sampling points within each infected sampling site varied, ranging between 100% positive throughout the site to some sampling points testing “negative” or only as “suspected” for D. vexillum. Sites with lower within-site detection consistency included sites with a low density of D. vexillum as reported by RASs or were sites undergoing D. vexillum management. The present pilot monitoring program demonstrates the potential to generate important data on presence of D. vexillum. This program will be scaled up across large geographic regions and used in the first instance to focus and target the traditional RASs to D. vexillum eDNA-positive sites in a cost-effective way, with an aim to verify the species presence by visual observation and direct Sanger sequencing of positive qPCR products.

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Quantification of the invasiveness risk of non‐native macroalgae in the Azores to support conservation measures

Gabriel,

Martins,

Ribeiro

et al. 2024

Aquatic Conservation

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Non‐native species (NNS) might become invasive and threaten biodiversity, economy and public health. Therefore, it is essential that their invasiveness risk be quantified to support conservation measures. The Azores, located in the mid‐northern Atlantic, is the crossroad of macroalgal native distributions and also present almost three times the global ratio of macroalgae reported as NNS. Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit, a decision‐support tool consisting of 49 questions for the Basic Risk Assessment (BRA) and six for the Climate Change Assessment (CCA), was applied to the 42 marine macroalgae classified as NNS in the Azores. The results indicate that 21 species pose a medium risk of becoming invasive, and 15 present a high risk under current climate conditions (BRA scores only). The combined BRA + CCA scores show that Laurencia dendroidea poses a high risk instead of a medium risk. Thirty‐three Rhodophyta species were screened, with 10 (BRA) and 11 (BRA + CCA) classified as high risk. All four Chlorophyta species ranked as high risk. Only one of the five Ochrophyta species was classified as high risk, namely Rugulopteryx okamurae, one of the most invasive species in European waters. High‐risk species are present in all islands, likely spread by the continuous maritime traffic between islands. Six of the high‐risk species are restricted to single islands (BRA and BRA + CCA scores), and efforts should be made to contain their further expansion. Asparagopsis armata, a species introduced in Europe in the 1920s, is the only high‐risk species present in all islands. Conservation measures for prevention, monitoring and control of NNS are proposed for the different islands of the Azores, including regulation of introduction pathways, prospection of areas with high risk of invasion, risk screening, eradication and containment of NNS. The involvement of stakeholders and maritime workers is also recommended.

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The value of regular monitoring and diverse sampling techniques to assess aquatic non-native species: a case study from Orkney

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Looks can be deceiving: Didemnum pseudovexillum sp. nov. (Ascidiacea) in European harbours

Looks can be deceiving: Didemnum pseudovexillum sp. nov. (Ascidiacea) in European harbours

Environmental DNA Based Surveillance for the Highly Invasive Carpet Sea Squirt Didemnum vexillum: A Targeted Single-Species Approach

Quantification of the invasiveness risk of non‐native macroalgae in the Azores to support conservation measures

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