The value of long‐term data in agricultural systems

Hmielowski, Tracy

doi:10.2134/csa2017.62.0101

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Some of these changes can be observed after a few years, while the effects of others are only visible after many years [16,17]. Thus, long-term agricultural experiments are particularly valuable [18,19]. These long-term experiments facilitate determining and comparing physical, chemical, and biological changes in soil [20,21] due to various tillage systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Properties after Eight Years of the Use of Strip-Till One-Pass Technology

et al. 2020

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Tillage is an agrotechnical practice that strongly affects the soil environment. Its effect on soil properties depends on the system and, more specifically, on the degree of soil inversion and loosening. Strip-till is a non-inversive method that loosens only narrow soil strips. In strip-till one-pass (ST-OP) technology, tillage is combined with a simultaneous application of fertilizers and seed sowing. In a static multi-year field experiment, the soil properties after application of ST-OP for 8 years were compared to those of soil under conventional tillage with the use of a moldboard plough to a depth of 20 cm (CT), and equally deep loosened and mixed reduced tillage (RT). A field experiment of these three treatments was performed since 2012 in sandy loam soil, Luvisol. A total of 44 features were examined that described the physical, chemical, biological, and biochemical soil properties in the 0–20 cm layer, and penetration resistance (PR), bulk density (BD), and soil moisture (SM) in the 25–30 cm layer. The influence of the ST-OP technology on the yield of crops was also determined. Multivariate analysis shows that the ST-OP method, in terms of affecting the soil properties, differs considerably from RT and CT treatments. The soil after the ST-OP method contained two- to four-fold more earthworms (En), with a mass (Em) 2- to 5-fold higher, than those in the soil following RT and CT, respectively. In the ST-OP soil the content of available phosphorus (Pa) and available potassium (Ka); the total count of bacteria (Bt), cellulolytic microorganisms (Bc), and fungi (Ff); and the activity of phosphatases (AlP, AcP) were significantly higher. Compared with CT, the content of total organic carbon (Ct) and its content in the fractions of organic matter were also higher, with the exception of humins (CH). The yields of winter rapeseed and winter wheat using the ST-OP technology were marginally higher compared with those using the CT and RT technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Properties after Eight Years of the Use of Strip-Till One-Pass Technology

et al. 2020

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“…Long-term experiments are a very important method in agricultural research. They are conducted all over the world [1][2][3] and some last over even a century [4,5]. Numerous long-term experiments, assess how temporal and spatial changes in the physical [6,7], chemical [8,9] and biological properties of soil [10,11] are determined under the influence of organic [12] and mineral fertilisers [13],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biological Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Response to Long-Term Organic–Mineral Fertilisation in a Warm-Summer Humid Continental Climate

et al. 2020

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In 2019, 71 years after the establishment of a static fertiliser experiment, the chemical and biological properties of Luvisol soil with sandy-loam grain-size composition were determined. Soil samples were taken from six fertilised treatments: half-dose nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in mineral fertilisers (½ NPK); full-dose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK); manure fertilisation + nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and liming (FYM NPK Mg Ca); manure + mineral fertilisers without magnesium and liming (FYM NPK); manure + nitrogen and phosphorus (FYM NP); manure + nitrogen and potassium (FYM NK). The soil was tested in two layers at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. Soil samples were tested for: pH in 1 M KCl (pH); electrical conductivity (EC); organic carbon content (OC); content of available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), magnesium (Mga) and sulphate sulphur (S-SO4); total number of bacteria (Bt), cellulolytic microorganisms (Bc), fungi (Ff) and actinomycetes (Ac); and alkaline phosphatase (AlP), acid phosphatase (AcP) and arylsulphatase (ArS) activity. The fertilisation that most favourably affected the chemical and biological properties of the soil was FYM NPK Mg Ca. This fertilisation increased: pH and EC; OC, Ka and Mga contents; Bt and Bc abundance; and AlP activity relative to all the methods of mineral and organic–mineral fertilisation that did not include all the ingredients of mineral fertilisers. On the other hand, the least favourable soil properties were formed by ½ NPK fertilisation in the 0–20 cm layer, and by the long-term use of mineral fertilisers only in the 20–40 cm layer.

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“…Despite their limited availability, interest in long‐term agricultural research experiments has increased in recent years (Hmielowski, 2017; Johnston & Poulton, 2018; Robertson et al., 2008). Subsequent to the oldest long‐term field experiment established in England in 1843 (Jenkinson, 1991), the Morrow (est.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%