The value ofin vivoreflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory and infectious skin diseases: a systematic review

Abstract

In vivo examination of the skin by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been performed for about 20 years, leading to a broad spectrum of imaged infectious and inflammatory skin diseases (ISD) with many described RCM features. We systematically reviewed all available literature concerning ISD evaluated by RCM. Furthermore, we assessed the accuracy of the features and defined recommendations for future studies after indicating the limitations in the current published literature. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for literature. All studies on RCM and ISD were reviewed and quality assessment was determined by using the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. The literature search revealed 77 eligible studies for inclusion. Different RCM features in a broad spectrum of ISD have been described. Further, RCM has been used for monitoring treatment and evolution of ISD, as well as for diagnostic purposes. This systematic review provides an overview of the broad spectrum of ISD imaged by RCM. Although RCM seems to be a promising monitoring and diagnostic tool for ISD, studies with appropriate methodological quality are necessary to create adequate guidelines and protocols for further implementation of RCM in clinical practice.

Identification of ex‐vivo confocal scanning microscopic features and their histological correlates in human skin

“…The first description of in‐vivo CLSM of human skin was provided by Rajadhyaksha and colleagues in 1995 . Since then, the number of publications on this topic has constantly increased, showing a growing interest of the scientific community towards this technique .…”

A four‐phase strategy for the implementation of reflectance confocal microscopy in dermatology

“…We systematically reviewed all RCM studies on psoriasis until February 2014 . This resulted in 15 studies which revealed RCM features for diagnostic and monitoring purposes in psoriasis.…”

Diagnostische Kriterien des Netherton‐Syndroms in der nichtinvasiven konfokalen Laserscanmikroskopie

“…Die KLSM ist eine nichtinvasive, in Echtzeit verfügbare Technologie für die bildgebende Darstellung von Epidermis, Dermis und Adnexstrukturen in hoher zellulärer Aufl ösung [10][11][12] . Die KLSM-Untersuchung verschiedener nichtepilierter Terminalhaare der Patientin ergab klare Hinweise auf eine Trichorrhexis invaginata (Abbildung 2 a-d).…”