The value of fecal calprotectin in Clostridioides difficile infection: A systematic review

Abstract

As a marker of inflammation, calprotectin has potential application value in a variety of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis and bacterial infections. Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an infectious disease that causes intestinal damage and inflammation. This systematic review aims to determine whether fecal calprotectin has application value in CDI. Nine databases were searched from inception to 6 June 2022, and 17 studies were included. These studies were divided into four groups according to their content. Generally speaking, fecal calprotectin is not an ideal indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of CDI but may serve as a potential indicator for assessing disease severity and as a readily detectable marker for CDI screening. In addition, patients in need of treatment or with detectable toxins in stool may tend to have higher levels of fecal calprotectin. In summary, fecal calprotectin has some potential application value in CDI. However, further studies are needed to verify these findings and determine the reliability of calprotectin as a biomarker for CDI.

miR-155 and miR-21 as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers for Ulcerative Colitis: There Is Still a Long Way to Go

“…To assist clinicians, several markers were outlined: C-reactive protein (CRP) [ 2 , 12 ], fecal calprotectin (FC) [ 2 , 13 , 14 ], and fecal lactoferrin [ 2 ]. While these markers can aid in differentiating between organic and functional conditions [ 2 ], they cannot distinguish between UC and infectious colitis (CDI) [ 2 , 13 ].…”

“…To assist clinicians, several markers were outlined: C-reactive protein (CRP) [ 2 , 12 ], fecal calprotectin (FC) [ 2 , 13 , 14 ], and fecal lactoferrin [ 2 ]. While these markers can aid in differentiating between organic and functional conditions [ 2 ], they cannot distinguish between UC and infectious colitis (CDI) [ 2 , 13 ]. Therefore, the necessity for new markers has spurred research expansion and the consideration of new molecules, such as microRNAs, which are stable in peripheral blood and play an important, though not yet fully established, role in the pathophysiology of UC [ 15 , 16 ].…”