The Value of Ddt, Bhc, Aldrin and Dieldrin for the Protection of Sheep Against Body Strike

Riches, J. H.; O’Sullivan, Patrick

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1955.tb05446.x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…They were kept in a small, unroofed, concrete-floored pen and fed on lucerne pellets. The sheep were used in one of three conditions: (a) 'sound dry'-showing no evidence of cutaneous myiasis, fleece rot or wounds and having dry breech wool with only slight faecal or urine staining; (b) 'sound wet'-as in (a), but thoroughly wetted to the skin by sprinkling with reticulated city water; they were tested for attractiveness 10 to 30 min after wetting; (c) 'struck'-dry sheep on which a flystrike had been established artificially by implanting 400-600 neonate larvae of L. cuprina on the back or shoulder near the mid-line (Riches & O'Sullivan, 1955). They were tested for attractiveness three days after the implant was made.…”

Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upwind flight by gravid australian sheep blowflies,Lucilia cuprina(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in response to stimuli from sheep

Eisemann

1988

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Groups of gravid females of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) in a 1-m 3 cage flew upwind in response to sheep placed upwind of the cage. No downwind flight or other response was observed to sheep placed downwind of the fly cage. Flystruck sheep stimulated the greatest accumulation of flies on the upwind cage wall (46% of the caged flies), followed by sound wet sheep (29%) and sound dry sheep (19%). All sheep tested caused significantly more flies to accumulate on the upwind wall than did controls consisting of either no bait or a man placed upwind (14%). Struck sheep elicited significant upwind movement of flies at distances of up to 20 m; sound, dry sheep did so only up to 10 m. It was concluded that L. cuprina is able to orient from a distance in response to volatile sheep kairomones; kairomones from dry sheep are augmented by wetting or the presence of cutaneous myiasis, as indicated by an enhanced fly response. The experiments performed did not exclude a role for visual or thermal cues in blowfly orientation to sheep.

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Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upwind flight by gravid australian sheep blowflies,Lucilia cuprina(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in response to stimuli from sheep

Eisemann

1988

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…2) were from individual sheep which were being processed for an experiment on the effect of immunosuppressive agents on the severity of myiasis in sheep which had been struck (A and D) and which had not been struck (B and C) previously. Larval implants were undertaken on day 0 using the technique of Riches and O'Sullivan (1955). Samples of blood for radioimmunoassay of antibodies to L. cuprina antigens were taken 6 and 24 days later.…”

Section: Sources Of Seramentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to the Antigens of Lucilia Cuprina in the Sera of Fly-Struck Sheep

O'Donnell¹,

Green²,

Connell³

et al. 1980

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to demonstrate that sheep with myiasis caused by the larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly, L. cuprina, had serum IgG antibodies to antigens present in an extract of the ground-up larvae. Previously struck animals demonstrated a more severe myiasis than their unstruck counterparts when both groups were subjected to a standard larval challenge. The effects of immunosuppressive therapy were expressed in terms of a decrease in the total number of larvae growing to maturity and in the area of fly strike produced.

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“…Chlordane and toxaphene gave only fair results. In similar studies Riches & O'Sullivan (107) reported that sheep were protected from 6 to 7 weeks with 0.01 per cent gamma BHC, 7 to 8 weeks with 0.01 per cent aldrin and dieldrin, 13 to 14 weeks with 0.25 per cent gamma BHC, and 16 to 18 weeks with 0.25 per cent aldrin and dieldrin. Best results were ob tained when the spray was driven into the wool with a straight stream.…”

Section: Blow Fliesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Recent Advances in Veterinary Entomology

Lindquist¹,

Knipling²

1957

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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The advances during the last 15 years in our knowledge of the biology and control of arthropod pests of livestock and vectors of animal disease agents exceed those made in any similar period in past history. Before 1942 we relied mainly on rotenone, pyrethrum, the thiocyanates, and the arseni cals for control of lice, ticks, mites, biting flies, and cattle grubs. While ef fective against some pests under certain conditions, these materials were not practical for wide-scale use and did not meet the public demand for better insecticides. Today we have highly effective and low-cost insecticides such as DDT, lindane, TDE, toxaphene, methoxychlor, chlordane, and syner gized pyrethrum for control of livestock insects. Their use has saved the live stock grower many millions of dollars annually and has benefited the con sumer by making more and better animal products available. Of almost equal importance to the development of the new insecticides are the contributions made to our knowledge of the biology and habits of several livestock insects and their transmission of agents of animal diseases. Many new ideas and approaches to studies on insect biology and control have been developed during the last few years. A good example of this is the unique method for the control of screw-worms by release of sterilized male flies over an area. The sterile males mate with the native females, but the eggs are infertile and thus reduce the numbers of screw-worms. Another ex ample of new trends is the promising research with insecticides that can be given internally to livestock for destruction of external pests. These studies will be discussed in detail in the following pages. Although great progress has been made in the use of insecticides, two disturbing factors have arisen to cause worry as to the future efficiency of chemical means of control. The first is the increasing and widespread de velopment of resistance of insects to insecticides, particularly to the chlo rinated hydrocarbons. House flies have developed such a high degree of re sistance to DDT and related materials that satisfactory control is impossible in most areas. Organic phosphorus insecticides have so far performed in a creditable manner in controlling house flies, but there are indications that these chemicals may eventually fail. As yet no reports on resistance of horn flies, horse flies, deer flies, stable flies, sheep keds, or lice of livestock have appeared. Ticks have become highly resistant to DDT, BHe, and toxaphene and other chemicals in certain areas in South Africa and Australia IWhitnall 1 The survey of literature pertaining to this review was completed in April, 1956.

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The Value of Ddt, Bhc, Aldrin and Dieldrin for the Protection of Sheep Against Body Strike

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Upwind flight by gravid australian sheep blowflies,Lucilia cuprina(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in response to stimuli from sheep

Upwind flight by gravid australian sheep blowflies,Lucilia cuprina(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in response to stimuli from sheep

Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to the Antigens of Lucilia Cuprina in the Sera of Fly-Struck Sheep

Recent Advances in Veterinary Entomology

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