The Value of Combined Detection of Serum BNP, Cardiac Troponin-I and Dynamic Electrocardiogram in Early Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease resulting from myocardial ischemia and necrosis due to coronary artery occlusion. AMI is characterized by a sudden onset and high mortality, underscoring the significance of early diagnosis and treatment for improving patient prognosis. This study endeavors to assess the utility of a combined assessment involving serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), and dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) in the early clinical diagnosis and prognosis prediction of AMI. Methods: This paper constitutes a retrospective study. All enrolled patients underwent dynamic ECG examination. The study compared the serum levels of BNP and cTnI, along with pertinent dynamic ECG parameters [turbulence slope (TS) and standard deviation (SDNN) of the 24-hour interval between normal atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization (R-R)], between the observation group (AMI patients) and the control group (patients with unstable angina (UA)). To evaluate the early diagnostic potential of AMI, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to analyze serum BNP, cTnI, dynamic ECG, and their combined utility. Furthermore, a follow-up period of 6 months was conducted for AMI patients to record major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results: In the observation group, the serum levels of BNP and cTnI were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001), while dynamic ECG parameters, specifically TS and SDNN, were significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The results obtained from the ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for BNP, cTnI, dynamic ECG, and their combination in early AMI diagnosis were 0.838, 0.887, 0.874, and 0.974, respectively. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.781~0.884, 0.836~0.926, 0.822~0.915, and 0.942~0.991, respectively. Sensitivity values were 64.29%, 82.14%, 91.07%, and 88.39%, and specificity values were 91.00%, 88.00%, 70.00%, and 98.00%, respectively. Significantly, the combination of all three markers demonstrated superior efficacy in early AMI diagnosis compared to any single index (p < 0.05). During the 6-month follow-up of 112 AMI patients, 22 experienced MACE. The MACE group exhibited notably higher serum BNP and cTnI levels compared to the non-MACE group. Additionally, dynamic electrocardiogram parameters TS and SDNN demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the MACE group. Conclusions: The combined assessment of serum BNP, cTnI, and dynamic electrocardiogram enhances the early clinical diagnostic potential for AMI and holds value in assessing the prognosis of AMI patients.