The value of cognitive interviewing for optimizing a patient experience survey

Cognitive Interviewing for Item Development: Validity Evidence Based on Content and Response Processes

“…If the respondent hesitates, the interviewer says little other than, "I can see that you are thinking about your answer, would you please speak your thoughts aloud?" By contrast, VPs are spontaneous or scripted questions that are asked immediately after the respondent answers the item (Buers et al, 2014). Scripted probes are designed prior to the interview to target specific potential areas of confusion.…”

Development of the AOSpine Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma (AOSpine PROST): a universal disease-specific outcome instrument for individuals with traumatic spinal column injury

“…The time to fill out the AOSpine PROST could not be calculated because of probing during the course of the interview. The average total time of the cognitive interview was 14.4 min (range [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Patients indicated the questionnaire not to be too extensive.…”

“…A Dutch draft version of this 19-item AOSpine PROST was pilot tested and showed very satisfactory results for comprehensibility, relevance, acceptability, feasibility, and completeness, as well as high internal consistency. The ICF methodology as well the 'think aloud' and 'probing' methods have proven to be very good and valid methodologies for developing and refining outcome instruments [7,8,15,[17][18][19].…”

Development and initial evaluation of an instrument to assess physiotherapists’ clinical reasoning focused on clients’ behavior change

“…Due to the small sample size, there was a risk of an incomplete identification of problems. However, studies have demonstrated that even small samples are suitable to identify significant problems and contribute to improved questionnaires (Buers et al, 2014;Spark and Willis, 2014). Furthermore, cognitive interviewing was used as part of multiple pre-test methods, which might justify the small sample size (Blair and Conrad, 2011).…”

“…These criteria resulted in the decision that the respondents should attend the last semester in a three-year physiotherapy programme in Sweden. The sample of five respondents (Buers et al, 2014;Spark and Willis, 2014) consisted of three students from a physiotherapy programme with a behavioural medicine profile and two students from two physiotherapy programmes without such a profile. Four of the respondents were women and one was a man.…”