The Value of a Statistical Life in Thailand: Evidence from the Labour Market

Witvorapong, Nopphol; Komonpaisarn, Touchanun

doi:10.1007/s10603-019-09431-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The VSL has been computed using the stated preference or willingness to pay approach to avoid the risk of premature death, as illustrated above in the hypothetical example, but there are other methods, such as the human capital approach, which attempts to place a value based on an individual's lost future earnings, or the hedonic wage approach, which extrapolates the wage-risk trade-off in the labor market [7]. However, in this paper, we use the transfer function method [8], which is discussed in the next section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating worldwide costs of premature mortalities caused by COVID-19

Silva¹,

Tsigaris

2021

JHR

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an estimate of the costs of premature mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachUsing COVID-19 pandemic-derived mortality data for November 9, 2020 (globally 1,303,215 deaths) and applying a country-based value of statistical life (VSL), the worldwide cost of premature mortality was assessed. The cost was assessed based on income groups until November 9, 2020 and projected into the future until March 1, 2021 using three scenarios from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).FindingsThe global cost of premature mortality is currently estimated at Int$5.9 trillion. For the high-income group, the current estimated cost is Int$ $4.4 trillion or $3,700 per person. Using IHME projections until March 1, 2021, global premature mortality costs will increase to Int$13.7 trillion and reach Int$22.1 trillion if policies are relaxed, while the cost with 95% universal masks is Int$10.9 trillion. The richest nations will bear the largest burden of these costs, reaching $15,500 per person by March 1, 2021 if policies are relaxed.Originality/valueThe cost of human lives lost due to the pandemic is unprecedented. Preparedness in the future is the best policy to avoid many premature deaths and severe recessions in order to combat pandemics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating worldwide costs of premature mortalities caused by COVID-19

Silva¹,

Tsigaris

2021

JHR

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“…Furthermore, Madheswaran (2007) estimated the value of statistical life in India at approximately 360,000 USD in 1990, which was less than in other Asian contexts. A recent Thai specific paper by Witvorapong and Komonpaisarn (2019) calculates the value of statistical life by using the concept of utility optimization. Using individual-level data from the Thai Labor Force Survey, Witvorapong and Komonpaisarn (2019) estimated the mean and median values of statistical life for 2012 to 2014 across all formal workers in Thailand at approximately 1.21 and 0.66 million USD, respectively.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent Thai specific paper by Witvorapong and Komonpaisarn (2019) calculates the value of statistical life by using the concept of utility optimization. Using individual-level data from the Thai Labor Force Survey, Witvorapong and Komonpaisarn (2019) estimated the mean and median values of statistical life for 2012 to 2014 across all formal workers in Thailand at approximately 1.21 and 0.66 million USD, respectively. On the other hand, there was also research that studied the compensation wage for the risk of informal workers in Thailand.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wage compensation differentials for job risk between formal and informal workers

Suwannarat

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This research�estimates compensating wage differentials for job risks for formal and informal workers in Thailand, the latter of whom are not covered by prevailing labor laws. Using data from the National Statistical Office's Thai Labor Force Survey for years 2012 to 2018 merged with job fatality risk collected by the Social Security Office, the results show that the fatality risk rate has a positive, significant effect on wages. The value of statistical life for the median formal workers is 79.33 million baht compared to 41.5 million baht for the median informal worker.�Also, we analyze the relationship between self-reported unsafe work conditions in the Labor Force Survey with wages. The results showed that the coefficient on safety issues for formal workers is positive, while the coefficient for�informal workers is negative for both OLS and quantile regression in all wage distribution.�All the results show that there is�inequality in access to labor protection and the ability to negotiate with employers. This results in the compensation wage differentials for formal and informal workers.

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“…Mueller et al (2021) assessed the health impacts of long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Thailand in 2016 using monitoring stations. They applied risk estimates from Burnett et al (2018) to attribute mortality and calculated monetized health benefits with a country-specific VSL retrieved from the study by Witvorapong and Komonpaisarn (2020). The study estimated 50,000 deaths and US$-61 billion in economic damage.…”

Section: Health Burden Of Pm25 Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Source Attribution of Societal Impacts of PM2.5 Pollution from Regional to Hemispheric Scales

Oztaner

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Chronic exposure to ambient PM2.5 concentrations is one of the leading worldwide mortality risk factor, which has seen an increase over the last decade. Sensitivity analysis is an essential approach in attributing societal impacts to emissions sources in any geographic scale.Source attribution of the societal impacts of PM2.5 pollution offers great potential for informing policy development and implementations. Assessing the location-specific societal benefits of reducing emissions from a regional to hemispheric scale is the major motivation of this work because exposure to ambient PM2.5 concentration is not only a regional concern but also global. This thesis employs adjoint sensitivity analysis, integrating demographic, epidemiological, and economic data, in a full-complexity modeling approach to link the sources of emissions to societal impacts.This study uses the adjoint of U.S. EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (CMAQ-ADJ) to provide location-specific source attribution of the societal burden of PM2.5 pollution. CMAQ-ADJ model is extended from the regional to the hemispheric platform, including boundary transport of the societal impacts and updates to the chemical representation. The monetized health impacts of coal phase-out regulation in Ontario were retrospectively assessed, as well as those for planned phase-out across Canada. Backward boundary conditions in adjoint model were implemented for the first time for the estimation of the health burden over Canada.Our findings suggest that the coal phase-out had substantial, albeit lower than previously predicted, health benefits within the province, and that the choice of the epidemiological model has an impact on the estimated health benefits. We also evaluate the transboundary impact of US coal-fired electricity generation and its emission control measures over the same period, and find the benefits from U.S. emission reductions to be larger than those from Ontario coal phase-out.iii Using hemispheric CMAQ-ADJ, location-specific premature avoided deaths and monetized health impacts are attributed to the emissions over the Northern Hemisphere. Countryspecific value of statistical life (VSL) estimates are applied to evaluate benefit-per-ton at a hemispheric scale. The highest pollution-emitting countries experience larger hemispheric health burdens and the majority of these countries with larger health burdens are the countries with a larger proportion of low-income populations. Consistent with past studies we find China and India to carry the majority of the hemispheric burden. Further, sector-specific health impacts reveal that the benefits of emission control vary greatly from sector to sector, and region to region.Further exploring country-level inequalities in PM2.5 exposure, we employed hemispheric CMAQ adjoint to quantify inter-national air pollution health inequalities. A single SES parameter (country-level income) is used to estimate location-specific health inequalities for countries. As expected, low-income countries with high leve...

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The Value of a Statistical Life in Thailand: Evidence from the Labour Market

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Estimating worldwide costs of premature mortalities caused by COVID-19

Estimating worldwide costs of premature mortalities caused by COVID-19

Wage compensation differentials for job risk between formal and informal workers

Source Attribution of Societal Impacts of PM2.5 Pollution from Regional to Hemispheric Scales

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