“…For the past three decades, GSI has been the main intervention approach with at-risk youth (Javdani and Allen, 2016;Kerig and Schindler, 2013;Piller et al, 2019). Part of the rationale for GSI with at-risk youth is rooted in empirical evidence (Piller et al, 2019) which suggests that adolescent females differ from males in risk-related antecedents, behaviours and ways of coping (Kerig and Schindler., 2013). For example, research conducted among youth involved in criminal behaviour suggests that at-risk females, compared to males, experience more adversity and conflicts in their family relationships (Anderson, 2012), engage in more 'survival crimes', including prostitution, and suffer from more mental disorders (Perkins and Ruiz, 2017).…”