The validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening depression in primary health care patients in Botswana

Molebatsi, Keneilwe; Motlhatlhedi, Keneilwe; Wambua, Grace Nduku

doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02719-5

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A sample size of 252 was calculated for the main objective of the study, which was to validate the PHQ-9 in this primary care population. 26 Determining the prevalence of depression was the secondary aim of the study. Assuming the reference proportion of patients with depression is 20%, the study is adequately powered (80%) to detect a minimum 8% difference in depression prevalence, with a precision level of 0.05.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article is a sub-analysis of data from a validation study of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and depression screening questionnaire in Botswana. 26 The study was conducted in two primary care outpatient health facilities in Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana. One facility, Old Naledi Clinic, is located in a low-income area whilst the other, Village Clinic, is located in a middle- to high-income area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A validation study conducted in Botswana reported the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9 to be 72.4% and 76.3%, respectively, at a cut-off point of 9.0% and 68.6% and 79.6%, respectively, at a cut-off point of 10. 26 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban primary care settings: Botswana

Motlhatlhedi

Molebatsi

Wambua

2021

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

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Background: The prevalence of depression is estimated to be high in primary care settings, especially amongst people with chronic diseases. Early identification and management of depression can improve chronic disease outcomes and quality of life, however, there are many missed opportunities in primary care.Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of depression and depressive symptoms in two urban primary care settings.Setting: The study was conducted at two primary care facilities in the capital city of Botswana.Methods: We administered a demographic questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to adults attending two primary care facilities. The association between depressive symptoms and demographic variables was determined using Chi-square; level of significance was set at 0.05. We carried out a multivariate analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the association between demographic characteristics and depression.Results: A sample of 259 participants were recruited (66.8% women, median age 32). The mean PHQ-9 score was 8.71. A total of 39.8% of participants screened positive for depression at a cut-off of 9.0% and 35.1% at a cut-off of 10. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with employment status and income using the Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 (1) = 5.649, p = 0.017.Conclusion: The high rates of depressive symptoms amongst the study population highlight the need for depression screening in primary care settings. The association between unemployment and income underscore the impact of socio-economic status on mental health in this setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban primary care settings: Botswana

Motlhatlhedi

Molebatsi

Wambua

2021

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

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“…Respondents endorse frequency of depression symptoms in the preceding 2 weeks on a 4-point scale, ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (nearly every day), for a total score ranging from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating increased likelihood for major depressive disorder [57]. The PHQ-9 demonstrated good internal consistency and criterion validity in a validation study conducted in Botswana [58].…”

Section: Assessment Of Symptoms Commonly Associated With Ptsd and Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A culturally adapted brief intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder in people with severe mental illness in Botswana: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial

Molebatsi

Chiliza

2021

Pilot Feasibility Stud

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Background Research consistently reports elevated rates of exposure to traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (SMI). PTSD may be adequately managed with psychotherapy; however, there is a gap when it comes to management in culturally diverse settings like Botswana. This paper describes a study protocol whose aim is to culturally adapt the BREATHE intervention, a brief psychological intervention for people living with comorbid PTSD and SMI that was developed and tested in the USA; assess the feasibility and acceptability of the adapted BREATHE intervention and explore its efficacy. Methods The study will be conducted in three phases using a mixed methods approach. The first phase will identify and describe the most common traumatic experiences and responses to traumatic experiences, amongst patients with SMI, and patients’ and mental health care providers’ perceptions about suitable PTSD interventions for Botswana. The second phase will entail cultural adaption of the intervention using findings from phase 1, and the third phase will be a pilot trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the culturally adapted intervention and explore its efficacy. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed using basic descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. Discussion Literature highlights cultural variations in the expression and management of mental illness suggesting the need for culturally adapted interventions. The findings of this feasibility study will be used to inform the design of a larger trial to assess the efficacy of an adapted brief intervention for PTSD in patients with SMI in Botswana. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT04426448. Date of registration: June 7, 2020.

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“…Depression and anxiety were evaluated on the basis of Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) respectively. 12,13 Memory and concentration were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Gastrointestinal, urinary symptoms and perspiration were evaluated using the SCOPA-AUT questionnaire.…”

Section: E T H O D O L O G Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Motor Symptoms and their associated factors in Parkinson’s Disease

Qayyum¹,

Khan²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2021

J Islamabad Med Dental Coll

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Aim: To find the frequency of Non Motor Symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and describe their association with different factors like age, gender and duration of disease. Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar for the period of 1year. All patients of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) were included. 13 Non motor symptoms (NMS) were evaluated and noted in predesigned proforma. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS 22. Results: Mean Age was 62.10±10.01 years. 58.82%(n=40) were males. 47.05%(n=32) belong to urban residence. Mean duration of illness was 4.52±3.82 years. NMS were found in 100% (n=68) patients. Among NMS, sleep disturbance was the most common symptom found in 77.9% (n=53) followed by constipation that was present in 75%(n=51) of patients. Depression was significantly associated with advance age (P value 0.01) and in those taking treatment of motor symptoms of PD (P value 0.02). Perspiration was significantly more with longer duration of illness (P value 0.006) and advance age (P value 0.04). Orthostatic hypotension was associated with longer duration of disease. (P value 0.04) There was no other significant association found. Conclusion: NMS were seen in all the patients presenting to Neurology OPD in our study. The most common NMS was sleep disturbance followed by constipation and depression. Autonomic disturbance were associated with longer disease duration while depression was associated with old age.

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The validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening depression in primary health care patients in Botswana

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban primary care settings: Botswana

Prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban primary care settings: Botswana

A culturally adapted brief intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder in people with severe mental illness in Botswana: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial

Non-Motor Symptoms and their associated factors in Parkinson’s Disease

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