The vagus nerve as a modulator of intestinal inflammation

Zanden, Esmerij P. van der; Boeckxstaens, Guy E.; Jonge, Wouter J. de

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01252.x

Cited by 131 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…As a result, the secretion of ACh was reduced and colonic mucosal damage was alleviated through a 'nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway' dependent on the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) [40][41][42] . Our research showed that the discharge frequency of the vagus was decreased after chemical stimulation of the PVN, indicating that the vagus pathway played a critical role in the protective effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates ulcerative colitis in rats

Zhang

Fei

et al. 2013

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To investigate the effects of glutamate microinjection into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and to explore the relevant mechanisms. Methods: 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (100 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) was instilled into the colon of adult male SD rats to induce UC. A colonic damage score (CDS) was used to indicate the severity of the colonic mucosal damage. The pathological changes in the colonic mucosa were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, biochemical analyses or ELISA. Ten minutes before UC induction, drugs were microinjected into the relevant nuclei in rat brain to produce chemical stimulation or chemical lesion.Results: Microinjection of glutamate (3, 6 and 12 µg) into the PVN dose-dependently decreased the CDS in UC rats. This protective effect was eliminated after kainic acid (0.3 µg) was microinjected into PVN or into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that caused chemical lesion of these nuclei. This protective effect was also prevented when the AVP-V 1 receptor antagonist DPVDAV (200 ng) was microinjected into the NTS. The discharge frequency of the vagus was markedly decreased following microinjection of glutamate into the PVN. Microinjection of glutamate into the PVN in UC rats significantly increased the cell proliferation and anti-oxidant levels, and decreased the apoptosis and Bax and caspase 3 expression levels and reduced the pro-inflammatory factors in the colonic mucosa. Conclusion: The activation of hypothalamic PVN exerts protective effects against UC, which is mediated by the NTS and vagus. The effects may be achieved via anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates ulcerative colitis in rats

Zhang

Fei

et al. 2013

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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“…Studies from Hoffman-Goetz et al have found that 16 wk of VWR reduces intestinal lymphocyte production of pro-inflammatory and increases production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the absence of any inflammatory stimulus . The mechanisms for these anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in the gut are unknown, but may involve activation of the parasympathetic cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex (Van Der Zanden et al, 2009). In some instances (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

64. Forced treadmill exercise training exacerbates inflammation and causes mortality while voluntary wheel training is protective in a mouse model of colitis

Woods

Cook

Martin

et al. 2013

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether exercise training reduced inflammation and symptomology in a mouse model of colitis. We hypothesized that moderate forced treadmill running (FTR) or voluntary wheel running (VWR) would reduce colitis symptoms and colon inflammation in response to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Male C57Bl/6J mice were randomized to sedentary, moderate intensity FTR (8-12 m/min, 40 min, 6 weeks, 5x/week), or VWR (30 days access to wheels). DSS was given at 2% (w/v) in drinking water over 5 days. Mice discontinued exercise 24 h prior to and during DSS treatment. Colons were harvested on Days 6, 8 and 12 in FTR and Day 8 post-DSS in VWR experiments. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that moderate FTR exacerbated colitis symptomology and inflammation as measured by significant (p≤0.05) increases in diarrhea and IL-6, IL-1 , IL-17 colon gene expression. We also observed higher mortality (3/10 died vs. 0/10, p = 0.07) in the FTR/DSS group. In contrast, VWR alleviated colitis symptoms and reduced inflammatory gene expression in the colons of DSS-treated mice (p≤0.05). While DSS treatment reduced food/fluid intake and body weight, there was a tendency for FTR to exacerbate, and for VWR to attenuate, this effect. FTR (in the absence of DSS) increased gene expression of the chemokine and antibacterial protein CCL6 suggesting that FTR altered gut homeostasis that may be related to the exaggerated response to DSS. In conclusion, we found that FTR exacerbated, whereas VWR attenuated, symptoms and inflammation in response to DSS.

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“…There is also intense recent work investigating the role that VNS might have on inflammation and the immune response (Ottani et al, 2009;Pavlov, 2008;Van Der Zanden et al, 2009). …”

Section: Research Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive techniques for probing neurocircuitry and treating illness: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

George

Aston‐Jones

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

319

205

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Although the preceding chapters discuss much of the new knowledge of neurocircuitry of neuropsychiatric diseases, and an invasive approach to treatment, this chapter describes and reviews the noninvasive methods of testing circuit-based theories and treating neuropsychiatric diseases that do not involve implanting electrodes into the brain or on its surface. These techniques are transcranial magnetic stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation. Two of these approaches have FDA approval as therapies.

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The vagus nerve as a modulator of intestinal inflammation

Cited by 131 publications

References 94 publications

Glutamate microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates ulcerative colitis in rats

Glutamate microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates ulcerative colitis in rats

64. Forced treadmill exercise training exacerbates inflammation and causes mortality while voluntary wheel training is protective in a mouse model of colitis

Noninvasive techniques for probing neurocircuitry and treating illness: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

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