The V410L knockdown resistance mutation occurs in island and continental populations of Aedes aegypti in West and Central Africa

Abstract

The extensive use of insecticides for vector control has led to the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations on a global scale, which has significantly compromised control actions. Insecticide resistance, and its underlying mechanisms, has been investigated in several countries, mostly in South American and Asian countries. In Africa, however, studies reporting insecticide resistance are rare and data on resistance mechanisms, notably knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, is scarce. In this study, the recently described V410L kdr mutation is reported for the first time in old world Ae. aegypti populations, namely from Angola and Madeira island. Two additional kdr mutations, V1016I and F1534C, are also reported for the first time in populations from Angola and Cape Verde. Significant associations with the resistance phenotype were found for both V410L and V1016I individually as well as for tri-locus genotypes in the Angolan population. However, no association was found in Madeira island, probably due to the presence of a complex pattern of multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in the local Ae. aegypti population. These results suggest that populations carrying the same kdr mutations may respond differently to the same insecticide, stressing the need for complementary studies when assessing the impact of kdr resistance mechanisms in the outcome of insecticide-based control strategies.

First detection of F1534C knockdown resistance mutation in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cameroon

“…In addition, it will be interesting to genotype other mutations such as 1016 and 410 which have been found implicated in kdr resistance in Ae. aegypti [ 22 , 28 – 30 ] and investigate the genes involved in metabolic resistance such as CYP9 overexpressed in several regions worldwide including in Africa [ 35 ].…”

“…In Africa 1534 and 1016 mutations have been previously reported in Ae. aegypti in Burkina-Faso and Ghana [ 21 ], and 410 mutation in Angola [ 30 ]. In Cameroon, data on insecticide resistance in Ae.…”

A first, naturally occurring substitution at the second pyrethroid receptor of voltage‐gated sodium channel of Aedes aegypti

“…The channel with the double mutation V410L + F1534C is more resistant to permethrin than channels with either of the mutation alone. Concerningly, several reports show that a haplotype harboring all three mutations (V410L + V1016I + F1534C) already exists in natural population in America 6,14–16 and more recently in Africa 17 …”

Voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) mutations associated with pyrethroid insecticide resistance inAedes aegypti(L.) from Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – baseline information for aWolbachiarelease program

“…There is no indication that this haplotype still exists in Al Safa, but increased sampling might still find it. No instances of a mutation at codons 410 or 1763 were observed in the samples screened indicating lack of independent selection or contact of the mosquito populations with those from Taiwan (22), Brazil (19), Mexico (35) or West and Central Africa (20).…”

“…To screen for the presence of a fourth mutation (codon 410) known to confer pyrethroid resistance to Ae. aegypti in a restricted number of locations (19)(20)(21) and, if found, to characterize this mutation in bioassay dead and surviving mosquitoes by sequencing a region of Vssc Domain I where this mutation may be located 4. To screen for a mutation in codon 1763, known from Ae.…”