The Utilization of Simple Nitrogenous Compounds such as Urea and Ammonium Bicarbonate by Growing Calves

Hart, E. B.; Bohstedt, G.; Deobald, H. J.; Wegner, M. I.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(39)92937-1

Cited by 65 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The first proposal to use amines as a method to encourage carbohydrate digestion in the ruminant was made more than a century ago (Zuntz, 1891) and later examined and verified as an effective NPN supplementation strategy (Hart, Bohstedt, Deobald, & Wegner, 1939). To our knowledge, this is the first set of experiments where urea has been continuously infused post-ruminally in ruminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Post‐ruminal non‐protein nitrogen supplementation as a strategy to improve fibre digestion and N efficiency in the ruminant

Carvalho¹,

Doelman²,

Martín-Tereso³

2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The ruminant is able to transform plant fibres and non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) into edible foods for human consumption. In an effort towards improving our understanding of this process, we sought to challenge convention and examine how the source, amount and site of NPN delivery in the gastrointestinal tract of the ruminant may affect fibre digestibility, rumen stability and N metabolism. In the first study presented here, we used four ruminally cannulated non‐lactating heifers in a Latin square design to infuse 59 g/days of N in the form of ammonia (A) or urea (U) into either the rumen (R) or the abomasum (A). We found that intake was higher (p = .03) for animals receiving supplementary NPN as urea compared with ammonia. In addition, abomasally infused urea (UA) improved fibre fermentation by 9.4% (p = .05) and decreased ruminal pH fluctuations (lower slope in the cumulative pH parameters, p = .04) when compared with the same amount of urea infused ruminally (UR). In a second study, using the same group of heifers, we infused 50 or 150 g/day of urea into the rumen (UR50 and UR150) or 150 g of urea in the abomasum (UA150) or 50 g in the rumen and 100 g in the abomasum (URA150). Fibre digestion was improved by 4% (p = .02) when the same dose of urea was infused into the abomasum compared with the rumen, while estimated microbial protein production and N efficiency were not different between a low rumen dose and high post‐ruminal dose of urea. Collectively, these studies provide insight into the viability of post‐ruminal NPN supplementation as a strategy to improve fibre digestion and NPN inclusion in the ruminant diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Post‐ruminal non‐protein nitrogen supplementation as a strategy to improve fibre digestion and N efficiency in the ruminant

Carvalho¹,

Doelman²,

Martín-Tereso³

2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Hart et al ( 1939 ) found that cattle fed for a year with a ration containing 4.3 % urea showed hypertrophy of the kidneys upon slaughter, but there was no evidence of toxicity. Pathological changes may also be found in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain (Hart et al 1939 ;Antonelli et al 2004 ;Srinivasan et al 2008 ). Harris and Mitchell ( 1941 ) could not detect any evidence of injury to withers fed with a ration having 3.2 % urea.…”

Section: Signs and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution

Puniya¹,

Singh²,

Kamra³

2015

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“…Burroughs and coworkers ( 8 ) showed that cellulose digestion was depressed by feeding starch to steers. while the presence of starch often improves synthesis of B vitamins (25.…”

Section: Liferafure Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant Nutrition, Review of Utilization of Nonprotein Nitrogen in the Ruminant

Gallup¹

1956

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The Utilization of Simple Nitrogenous Compounds such as Urea and Ammonium Bicarbonate by Growing Calves

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Post‐ruminal non‐protein nitrogen supplementation as a strategy to improve fibre digestion and N efficiency in the ruminant

Post‐ruminal non‐protein nitrogen supplementation as a strategy to improve fibre digestion and N efficiency in the ruminant

Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution

Ruminant Nutrition, Review of Utilization of Nonprotein Nitrogen in the Ruminant

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