“…Previous studies (Bi et al, 2023;Stollman, 2018) extensively explored many factors directly influencing the adoption of differentiated instruction (DI) strategies, including knowledge of the model (Lavania & Mohamad Nor, 2021), social construction of culture (Kinyanjui et al, 2015;Moulin-Stożek, 2019), teacher competence (Hanafi & Setiyani, 2021;Ruaya et al, 2022), transformative leadership skills of school principals (Et.al, 2021;Hoogeboom & Wilderom, 2019;Manik, 2016), and the availability of digital learning facilities (Caldera et al, 2021;Ghazi et al, 2021Ghazi et al, , 2022Nosova et al, 2019;Øvrelid & Bygstad, 2019). Accordingly, DDI implementation in Indonesia is primarily influenced by critical factors namely teacher knowledge and the availability of digital resources, both of which are mediated by teacher mindset.…”