This paper clarifies the background and the process of establishing the Residents Charter in Tsumago-juku, who is the pioneer of the historical village preservation in Japan.In the earliest stage of village preservation, the process of establishing the residents charter as one of the community rules makes residents realize what to preserve, what to do by themselves. But, village preservation could govern many private properties and residents lives &livings. Therefore, we should give careful consideration to authorize plan and organization. Through projects and discussion of the resident charter, residents can turn the rudder of a village preservation ship with feeling & preparation. Autonomy hales Heteronomy.