The utility of verbal autopsies for identifying HIV-1-related deaths in Haitian children

Dowell, Scott F.; Davis, Homer; Holt, Elizabeth; Ruff, Andrea; Kissinger, Patricia; Bijoux, Judith; Boulos, Reginald; Boulos, Carlo; Halsey, Neal A.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199309000-00016

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Recognition of HIV disease is difficult and the usefulness of a verbal necropsy in distinguishing the cause of death in children dying of diseases related to HIV infection is questionable 25. Although respiratory infections and malnutrition dominate the clinical picture, the underlying pathological conditions are varied, and P carinii pneumonia is common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease in children infected with HIV in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

Lucas

Peacock

Hounnou

et al. 1996

BMJ

152

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease in children infected with HIV in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

Lucas

Peacock

Hounnou

et al. 1996

BMJ

152

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“…We first reviewed several pediatric and adult AIDS case validation studies. Then applied major clinical criteria of WHO’s pediatric AIDS case definition in combination with selected available common criteria used in a few adult AIDS case definitions with good validity [28,32–34]. Our final AIDS case definition included any of the following conditions: 1) jaundice; 2) chronic diarrhea lasted for more than 1 month; 3) chronic fever lasted for more than 1 month; 4) wasting, defined as having at least 1 of the following symptoms – paleness, hair color change, edema legs, dry scaly skin; and 5) cough or trouble breathing lasting 3 to 27 days with fever but without a recent diagnosis of tuberculosis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving causes of child mortality by re–analyzing national verbal autopsy data applying a standardized computer algorithm in Uganda, Rwanda and Ghana

Liu¹,

Li²,

Cummings³

et al. 2015

Journal of Global Health

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BackgroundTo accelerate progress toward the Millennium Development Goal 4, reliable information on causes of child mortality is critical. With more national verbal autopsy (VA) studies becoming available, how to improve consistency of national VA derived child causes of death should be considered for the purpose of global comparison. We aimed to adapt a standardized computer algorithm to re–analyze national child VA studies conducted in Uganda, Rwanda and Ghana recently, and compare our results with those derived from physician review to explore issues surrounding the application of the standardized algorithm in place of physician review.Methods and FindingsWe adapted the standardized computer algorithm considering the disease profile in Uganda, Rwanda and Ghana. We then derived cause–specific mortality fractions applying the adapted algorithm and compared the results with those ascertained by physician review by examining the individual– and population–level agreement. Our results showed that the leading causes of child mortality in Uganda, Rwanda and Ghana were pneumonia (16.5–21.1%) and malaria (16.8–25.6%) among children below five years and intrapartum–related complications (6.4–10.7%) and preterm birth complications (4.5–6.3%) among neonates. The individual level agreement was poor to substantial across causes (kappa statistics: –0.03 to 0.83), with moderate to substantial agreement observed for injury, congenital malformation, preterm birth complications, malaria and measles. At the population level, despite fairly different cause–specific mortality fractions, the ranking of the leading causes was largely similar.ConclusionsThe standardized computer algorithm produced internally consistent distribution of causes of child mortality. The results were also qualitatively comparable to those based on physician review from the perspective of public health policy. The standardized computer algorithm has the advantage of requiring minimal resources from the health care system and represents a promising way to re–analyze national or sub-national VA studies in place of physician review for the purpose of global comparison.

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“…The causes of death were determined by using algorithms from other studies. The algorithm to classify HIV/AIDS cases were constructed using WHO clinical case definition for pediatric AIDS[21]. The analysis tried to assess the contribution of HIV/AIDS and malnutrition to under five deaths as underlying cause of death.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children who were vaccinated, breast fed and from low parity mothers live longer: A community based case-control study in Jimma, Ethiopia

Girma

Berhane

2011

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundImproving child survival through various health interventions has been one of the main preoccupations of public health programs in developing nations. However, efforts to understand the child death determinants and determine whether the health interventions are really contributing to the reduction of mortality were not satisfactory. The purpose of this study is to identify determinants and causes of child mortality.MethodsThe study was conducted in the town of Jimma, Ethiopia, using a case control study design. Cases were identified through enumeration of all children and deaths prior to interview of the study subjects. Controls were under five children of the same age (+/-2 months) residing in the nearest household. Data was entered into EPI -info 6.4 software and analyzed using SPSS.ResultsSeventy four cases and 222 controls were included in the study. The study found that children who never breast fed [OR = 13.74, 95%CI (3.34, 56.42]] and children with mothers having more than five children [OR = 3.34, 95%CI (1.27, 8.76)] were more likely to die than their counterparts. Vaccination reduced the risk of death [OR=.26, 95%CI (0.10, 0.67) significantly. Pneumonia was the most common immediate cause of death [29.7% (95% CI (19.66, 41.48)] followed by acute diarrhea and malaria each contributing for 23% [95%CI (13.99, 34.21)] of deaths.ConclusionImmunization, breastfeeding and low parity mothers were independently found to be protective from childhood death. Strengthening the child survival initiatives, namely universal child immunization, family planning and breast feeding -- is strongly recommended.

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The utility of verbal autopsies for identifying HIV-1-related deaths in Haitian children

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Disease in children infected with HIV in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

Disease in children infected with HIV in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

Deriving causes of child mortality by re–analyzing national verbal autopsy data applying a standardized computer algorithm in Uganda, Rwanda and Ghana

Children who were vaccinated, breast fed and from low parity mothers live longer: A community based case-control study in Jimma, Ethiopia

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