The utility of selected kraft hardwood and softwood pulps for fuel ethanol production

Buzała, Kamila Przybysz; Kalinowska, Halina; Małachowska, Edyta; Przybysz, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.07.038

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Hydrolysates with sugar profiles adequate for fermentation have been obtained, proving the viability of Kraft pulping as a LCB pretreatment. Bioethanol production from Kraft pulp by several fermentation configurations was studied, namely separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) [22,23], simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) [15,[24][25][26][27], and consolidated bioprocessing [28].Besides hexose sugars, hydrolysates also have a high content in pentoses, mainly xylose, which can reach 25%, meaning that pentoses fermentation is necessary to attain an economically viable 2G bioethanol production [7,29]. Scheffersomyces stipitis was well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae have already been tested for bioethanol production from different LCB feedstocks, including eucalypt spent sulfite liquor [30][31][32], grape skins [33], sugarcane bagasse [34,35], cardoon, and rockrose [36].…”

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Ethanol Production from Hydrolyzed Kraft Pulp by Mono- and Co-Cultures of Yeasts: The Challenge of C6 and C5 Sugars Consumption

et al. 2020

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Second-generation bioethanol production's main bottleneck is the need for a costly and technically difficult pretreatment due to the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). Chemical pulping can be considered as a LCB pretreatment since it removes lignin and targets hemicelluloses to some extent. Chemical pulps could be used to produce ethanol. The present study aimed to investigate the batch ethanol production from unbleached Kraft pulp of Eucalyptus globulus by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp resulted in a glucose yield of 96.1 ± 3.6% and a xylose yield of 94.0 ± 7.1%. In an Erlenmeyer flask, fermentation of the hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed better results than Scheffersomyces stipitis. At both the Erlenmeyer flask and bioreactor scale, co-cultures of S. cerevisiae and S. stipitis did not show significant improvements in the fermentation performance. The best result was provided by S. cerevisiae alone in a bioreactor, which fermented the Kraft pulp hydrolysate with an ethanol yield of 0.433 g·g −1 and a volumetric ethanol productivity of 0.733 g·L −1 ·h −1 , and a maximum ethanol concentration of 19.24 g·L −1 was attained. Bioethanol production using the SHF of unbleached Kraft pulp of E. globulus provides a high yield and productivity.Energies 2020, 13, 744 2 of 15 sustainability, has a low and stable price, and practically does not demand extra land [6,7]. There are some facilities producing 2G bioethanol on a commercial scale. However, large-scale production still faces some technological barriers that must be overcome in order to achieve a cost-competitive production [8]. Due to the recalcitrance of LCB, a costly pretreatment step is required, which is the main technological bottleneck of 2G bioethanol production. The release of enzymatic and fermentation inhibitors during pretreatment is another limitation [9].Pulp and paper mills have the infrastructures and logistics to handle LCB, and chemical mills employ technology required for LCB fractionation and conversion [10]. Bioethanol has been produced from different feedstocks such as Kraft pulp, spent sulfite liquor, and pulp and paper sludge [11]. Chemical pulping processes can be considered as a LCB pretreatment since they promote delignification and target hemicelluloses to some degree [12]. Chemical pulping represents about 77% of the virgin pulps produced globally, and more than 95% of these chemical pulps are Kraft pulps [13]. These pulps are produced by Kraft pulping involving the reaction of white liquor, i.e., an alkaline aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide with a pH of 14, with lignin at high temperature (150-170 • C). This reaction promotes lignin breakdown and degradation with the release of phenolic fragments, removing almost 90% of the lignin from the wood. Kraft pulping also leads to hemicelluloses and some cellulose loss and decreases the degree of polymerization of cellulose [14]. The utilization of Kraft pulping as a pretreatment method for LCB has ...

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Ethanol Production from Hydrolyzed Kraft Pulp by Mono- and Co-Cultures of Yeasts: The Challenge of C6 and C5 Sugars Consumption

et al. 2020

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“…Corresponding results were obtained for lignin content which varied from 1.1 up to 2.2%. In general, the pulps derived from the grasses were characterized by the significantly lower values of the Kappa number, as compared to the reported hardwood and softwood pulps, which were delignified under the same conditions [24,37,38]. It means that this material is susceptible to delignification using the kraft method.…”

Section: Characterization Of Lignocellulosic Substrates and Cellulosimentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although kraft pulping also causes partial removal of hemicelluloses from the lignocellulosic biomass, the amount of waste is reduced to a minimum because the black liquor is incinerated to regenerate chemicals and produce heat, which is used to produce electric energy. Our former studies showed that pretreatment of wood and other lignocellulosic materials by the sulfate method before enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in high glucose percentages in enzymatic hydrolysates while the contents of other simple sugars and cellobiose were relatively low [23,37]. Therefore, in this study grass biomass was also pretreated by this method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Production of Sugar Feedstocks for Fermentation Processes from Selected Fast Growing Grasses

Przybysz¹,

Małachowska

Martyniak

et al. 2019

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This study showed that kraft cellulosic pulps from Miscanthus giganetus JM Greef and Deuter ex Hodk. and Renvoize, sweet sorghum and 5 other fast growing grasses may be easily enzymatically converted to glucose-rich sugar feedstocks. The scientific goal of the paper was to assess and compare the potential yield of hydrolysis and verify whether these grasses may be a source of sugars for fermentation processes. Kraft pulping was used as a pretreatment method and hydrolysis of the pulps was conducted using a commercial multienzyme preparation containing cellulases and xylanases at initial substrate concentrations of 0.476, 3.88 and 7.46% w/v, and 3 different enzyme loadings. Results showed that tall wheatgrass, striped tuber oat grass, tall fescue and smooth bromegrass may be efficiently converted to sugar feedstocks for biotechnology application, but that the simple reducing sugars yield is lower than for wood, due to lower cellulose content.

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“…Hence, the production of biogas through the anaerobic digestion (AD) of these residues is a promising solution to lower the global production costs of bioethanol, since it adds value to the wastes generated [43]. suggested that using the residues resulting from the fermentation of Kraft pulp hydrolysate for biogas production by AD is a potential environmentally friendly utilization of those residues [106]. Kemppainen et al (2012) studied the production of ethanol from paper sludge, followed by the production of biogas from the evaporated residue that is obtained after fermentation [196].…”

Section: Converting Pulp and Paper Mills Into Biorefineriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Generation Bioethanol Production: On the Use of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes as Feedstock

2018

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Due to the health and environment impacts of fossil fuels utilization, biofuels have been investigated as a potential alternative renewable source of energy. Bioethanol is currently the most produced biofuel, mainly of first generation, resulting in food-fuel competition. Second generation bioethanol is produced from lignocellulosic biomass, but a costly and difficult pretreatment is required. The pulp and paper industry has the biggest income of biomass for non-food-chain production, and, simultaneously generates a high amount of residues. According to the circular economy model, these residues, rich in monosaccharides, or even in polysaccharides besides lignin, can be utilized as a proper feedstock for second generation bioethanol production. Biorefineries can be integrated in the existing pulp and paper industrial plants by exploiting the high level of technology and also the infrastructures and logistics that are required to fractionate and handle woody biomass. This would contribute to the diversification of products and the increase of profitability of pulp and paper industry with additional environmental benefits. This work reviews the literature supporting the feasibility of producing ethanol from Kraft pulp, spent sulfite liquor, and pulp and paper sludge, presenting and discussing the practical attempt of biorefineries implementation in pulp and paper mills for bioethanol production.

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The utility of selected kraft hardwood and softwood pulps for fuel ethanol production

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Ethanol Production from Hydrolyzed Kraft Pulp by Mono- and Co-Cultures of Yeasts: The Challenge of C6 and C5 Sugars Consumption

Ethanol Production from Hydrolyzed Kraft Pulp by Mono- and Co-Cultures of Yeasts: The Challenge of C6 and C5 Sugars Consumption

Production of Sugar Feedstocks for Fermentation Processes from Selected Fast Growing Grasses

Second Generation Bioethanol Production: On the Use of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes as Feedstock

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