The utility of fine needle aspiration in HIV positive children

Michelow, Pam; Meyers, Tammy; Dubb, Michelle; Wright, Colleen A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2303.2007.00474.x

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Fine needle aspiration (FNA) using needles of variable sizes can be used for diagnostic purposes as well as a therapeutic modality, as in draining cystic lesions or effusions. FNA has gained much popularity in evaluating mass lesions in HIV-positive patients because it is noninvasive, well-tolerated, inexpensive, and avoids the necessity of subjecting patients to invasive and costly surgical excision [11]. In addition, an adequate FNA can usually provide sufficient material for ancillary studies, such as microbiology culture, flow cytometry, and/or a cell block for immunocytochemical stains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of HIV-Related Cytopathology

Lang

Khalbuss

Michelow

et al. 2011

Pathology Research International

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Exfoliative and aspiration cytologies play a major role in the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Common cytology samples include cervicovaginal and anal Papanicolaou tests, fine needle aspirations, respiratory specimens, body fluids, Tzanck preparations, and touch preparations from brain specimens. While the cytopathologists need to be aware of specific infections and neoplasms likely to be encountered in this setting, they should be aware of the current shift in the pattern of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases, as human immunodeficiency virus patients are living longer with highly active antiretroviral therapy and suffering fewer opportunistic infections with better antimicrobial prophylaxis. There is a rise in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus-defining cancers (e.g., anal cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma) and entities (e.g., gynecomastia) from drug-related side effects. Given that fine needle aspiration is a valuable, noninvasive, and cost-effective tool, it is frequently employed in the evaluation and diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases. Anal Papanicolaou tests are also increasing as a result of enhanced screening of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients for cancer. This paper covers the broad spectrum of disease entities likely to be encountered with human immunodeficiency virus-related cytopathology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of HIV-Related Cytopathology

Lang

Khalbuss

Michelow

et al. 2011

Pathology Research International

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“…Reports of primary parotid rhabdomyosarcoma in children, adolescents, and young adults have been documented in the literature. [12][13][14][15][16][17] In a large series of 67 cases of primary sarcomas and sarcomatoid neoplasms of salivary glands from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, five cases were of rhabdomyosarcoma (three embryonal, two not otherwise specified). The average age of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma was 15.1 years versus 37.7 years for other salivary gland sarcomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of stensen's duct: A case report and review of the literature

Nunez

Elgin²,

Fatima

2014

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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The cytologic features of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising within Stensen's duct of the parotid gland are described. These malignancies and sarcomas in general are not usually included in the differential diagnosis of a parotid lesion as they rarely present as primary parotid malignancies. In addition, these neoplasms are even rarer outside of the pediatric and adolescent populations. Due to the difficulty of this diagnosis, we present this case to increase awareness of the diagnosis in the salivary glands and to highlight the cytomorphologic features that can aid in the correct diagnosis.

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“…Taking into consideration the high prevalence of HIV and AIDS around the world, and limited resources for diagnosis in developing countries, cytology (e.g., FNA) has proven to be a useful method for diagnosis, reducing the necessity for surgical excision, and facilitating rapid triage for therapy. [3]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical history of HIV infection may be misleading in cytopathology

2010

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are at an increased risk for developing opportunistic infections, reactive conditions and neoplasms. As a result, a broad range of conditions are frequently included in the differential diagnosis of HIV-related lesions. The clinical history of HIV infection may, however, be misleading in some cases. Illustrative cases are presented in which knowledge of a patient's HIV status proved to be misleading and increased the degree of complexity of the cytologic evaluation. Case 1 involved the fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a painful 3 cm unilateral neck mass in a 38-year-old female with generalized lymphadenopathy. Her aspirate revealed a spindle cell proliferation devoid of mycobacteria that was immunoreactive for S-100 and macrophage markers (KP-1, PGM1). Multiple noncontributory repeat procedures were performed until a final excision revealed a schwannoma. Case 2 was a CT-guided FNA of a positron emission tomography positive lung mass in a 53-year-old man. The acellular aspirate in this case contained structures resembling fungal spore forms that were negative for mucicarmine and GMS stains, as well as cryptococcal antigen immunocytochemistry. A Von Kossa stain confirmed that these pseudo-fungal structures were calcified debris. Follow up revealed multiple calcified lung and hilar node based granulomata. Case 3 involved the cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid from a 47-year-old man with Kaposi sarcoma and recurrent chylous pleural effusions. Large atypical cells identified in his effusion were concerning for primary effusion lymphoma. Subsequent pleural biopsy revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis, documenting these atypical cells as megakaryocytes. These cases demonstrate that knowledge of a patient's HIV status can be misleading in the evaluation of cytology specimens, with potential for misdiagnosis and/or multiple procedures. To avoid this pitfall in the setting of HIV infection, common entities unrelated to HIV infection and artifacts should always be included in the differential diagnosis.

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The utility of fine needle aspiration in HIV positive children

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Review of HIV-Related Cytopathology

Review of HIV-Related Cytopathology

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of stensen's duct: A case report and review of the literature

Clinical history of HIV infection may be misleading in cytopathology

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