The Utility and Dynamics of Salivary Sex Hormone Measurements in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, Wave 2

Kozloski, Michael; Schumm, L. Philip; McClintock, Martha K.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu123

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Gavrilova and Lindau found that the collection of salivary specimens in older men is feasible and they provide relevant information on conditions of aging [ 32 ]. The levels of salivary sex steroid hormones in this sample are similar to other samples of males aged 57 to 85 and reflect a typical age-related sex steroid decline, as compared to younger male samples [ 30 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Age-related decline of total T, DHEA, E2, or P in blood serum is more difficult to capture than free sex hormone levels because of an age-related increase in sex hormone binding globulin that additionally reduces free sex hormone levels (SHBG). Therefore, levels of free or bioavailable T, DHEA, E2, or P seem to decline more consistently [ 18 , 30 , 31 ], even though there is substantial conflicting literature [ 32 ]. Measurement of sex steroids in saliva, as opposed to in blood serum, has the advantages of directly quantifying the hormone in its unbound form, being a low invasive procedure and producing very low costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The rate of change in declining steroid hormones: a new parameter of healthy aging in men?

et al. 2016

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Research on healthy aging in men has increasingly focused on age-related hormonal changes. Testosterone (T) decline is primarily investigated, while age-related changes in other sex steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], estradiol [E2], progesterone [P]) are mostly neglected. An integrated hormone parameter reflecting aging processes in men has yet to be identified. 271 self-reporting healthy men between 40 and 75 provided both psychometric data and saliva samples for hormone analysis. Correlation analysis between age and sex steroids revealed negative associations for the four sex steroids (T, DHEA, E2, and P). Principal component analysis including ten salivary analytes identified a principal component mainly unifying the variance of the four sex steroid hormones. Subsequent principal component analysis including the four sex steroids extracted the principal component of declining steroid hormones (DSH). Moderation analysis of the association between age and DSH revealed significant moderation effects for psychosocial factors such as depression, chronic stress and perceived general health. In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that sex steroids decline in aging men and that the integrated hormone parameter DSH and its rate of change can be used as biomarkers for healthy aging in men. Furthermore, the negative association of age and DSH is moderated by psychosocial factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rate of change in declining steroid hormones: a new parameter of healthy aging in men?

et al. 2016

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“…Further, changes with age might be a result of age‐related changes of the metabolic function as it is the case with increased aromatization of T to E2 or an increased binding capacity of the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) for E2 (Vermeulen et al ., ). Mixed results are reported for the association between age and free progesterone (fP) (Kozloski et al ., ; Walther et al ., ). Not only physical aging processes influence the declining concentrations of sex steroids, but also factors that influence development during the prenatal period, such as maternal smoking or prenatal stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower birthweight and left‐/mixed‐handedness are associated with intensified age‐related sex steroid decline in men. Findings from the Men's Health 40+ Study

et al. 2018

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In males, age-related decline in free testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) by 2-3% per year has been reported. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) seem to decrease as well, but to a lesser extent. Lower sex steroid levels in men have been related to physical and mental symptoms. Low birthweight and left-/mixed-handedness (L/MH) are indicators of an adverse fetal environment during pregnancy, and both have been linked to morbidity in later life. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between lower birthweight as well as L/MH and age-related sex steroid decline. In a cross-sectional study design, saliva samples were collected under standardized conditions from healthy men for subsequent steroid hormone analysis using standard luminescence immunoassays. T (M = 67.57 pg/mL), DHEA (M = 247.91 pg/mL), E2 (M = 1.29 pg/mL), and P (M = 28.20 pg/mL) have been quantified leading to a final sample of 256 men providing complete data on sex hormones (M =57.8; SD = 10.8). Information on participants' birthweight was obtained from birth reports (N = 134), and participants were asked about their handedness (right-handed, left-handed, mixed-handed) (N = 256). Multivariate-adjusted linear regression models relating each sex hormone individually and the principal component of declining steroid hormones (DSH)-an integrated hormonal parameter-with handedness and birthweight did not identify significant associations except for handedness and E2. Moderation analysis using robust regression accounting for bias due to influential data points detected a significant association between age and DSH for handedness (β = -0.0314, p = 0.040) but only a trend for birthweight (β = 0.0309, p = 0.073). For lower birthweight, a trend toward intensified age-related sex steroid decline in men was observed, while for L/MH, a significant association with intensified age-related sex steroid decline was identified. These results indicate that L/MH and potentially also lower birthweight might be considered as early risk factors for endocrine health in later life.

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“…Interileukin‐10 is also measurable from saliva but has been shown to be susceptible to variation in acute stress (Szabo et al, 2016), so may be of minimal use as a biomarker of autoimmunity. Further, reproductive hormones can be measured in saliva (Kozloski et al, 2014; Trumble et al, 2013; Vitzthum, 2020) and can be analyzed in conjunction with other biomarkers of autoimmunity to test sex‐related hypotheses associated with AIID. In general, saliva is non‐invasive, easy to collect, and inexpensive (Javaid et al, 2016), so population‐based research on AIID could consider targeting these kinds of biomarkers.…”

Section: What Methods Have Been Used To Measure Autoimmunity In Populmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring attack on self: The need for field‐friendly methods development and research on autoimmunity in human biology

Cepon-Robins

2020

American J Hum Biol

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Background: Autoimmune and inflammatory disorder (AIID) prevalence appears to be increasing in all but the world's poorest regions and countries. Autoimmune diseases occur when there is a breakdown in processes that regulate inflammation and self-recognition by immune cells. Very few field-based studies have been conducted among Indigenous populations and underserved communities with limited access to medical care. This is due, in part, to the fact that autoimmune diseases are difficult to diagnose, even in clinical settings. In remote field settings these difficulties are compounded by the absence of infrastructure necessary for sample storage and analysis, and the lack of hospital/clinic access for more invasive diagnostic procedures. Because of these limitations, little is known about the prevalence of autoimmunity outside wealthy regions and clinical settings. Aims: The present paper discusses why AIID are of critical importance in human biology research and why more work needs to be devoted to validating, testing, and utilizing methods for detecting autoantibodies and other biomarkers related to autoimmunity in field-friendly, minimally invasivelycollected samples. This paper reviews some of the methods used to diagnose AIIDs in clinical settings, and highlights methods that have been used in studies within human biology and related fields, emphasizing the invasiveness of specific methods and their feasibility in remote field settings. Discussion and Conclusions: Risk for AIID is affected by several reproductive, dietary, environmental, and genetic factors. Human biologists have unique perspectives that they can bring to autoimmunity research, and more populationbased studies on autoimmunity are needed within these and related fields.

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The Utility and Dynamics of Salivary Sex Hormone Measurements in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, Wave 2

Cited by 16 publications

References 70 publications

The rate of change in declining steroid hormones: a new parameter of healthy aging in men?

The rate of change in declining steroid hormones: a new parameter of healthy aging in men?

Lower birthweight and left‐/mixed‐handedness are associated with intensified age‐related sex steroid decline in men. Findings from the Men's Health 40+ Study

Measuring attack on self: The need for field‐friendly methods development and research on autoimmunity in human biology

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