Abstract:Utilitarian decision making is a far-famed mechanism that alleged to model humans decisions with the help of certain functions known as utility functions. Utilities metaphorically evaluate alternatives and approximate the satisfaction afforded by each. The utilitarian model is considered the fundamental basis of several artificial intelligence techniques such as game theory, evolutionary, heuristic, and fuzzy based approaches. It has been immensely utilized to develop various intelligent systems such as Decisi… Show more
“…Under the trap of such an acute self-regarding desire axiom it is hardly conceivable to "concede part of your wealth to your brother unless there is a visible or invisible benefit such as reputation and goodwill (Al-aaidroos et al, 2016). The Islamic ""Maṣlaḥah" on the contrary, based on the axiom of cooperation instead of competition meant to serve the well-being of all the constituent of society beginning from self, family, neighbor, community, nation to the mankind at large.…”
By employing Utility tools or moral conducts based on “the greatest good for the greatest number”, the Utilitarian mechanism maximizes the Utility for majority. This ethical theory is evidently grounded in human reason free from any transcendent revelation which is all the way expounded as a purely secular product of renaissance. While, in contrast to “Utilitarianism”, the Islamic “Maṣlaḥah” transcends the spatial structure and materiality to connect the life hereafter, hence the immediate good and bad of this world are but the function for the final good or bad pertaining to the Afterlife. Reviewing and analyzing relevant contents, this paper explores the key differences and similarities between Western “Utilitarianism” and Islamic “Maṣlaḥah”. Firstly, the paper identifies that both “Utilitarianism” and “Maṣlaḥah” aim to promote human welfare and happiness, but differ in their approach to defining and measuring the concept. Secondly, the paper examines the role of reason and revelation in shaping ethical decision-making in both traditions. Finally, it discusses the practical implications of “Utilitarianism” and “Maṣlaḥah” in contemporary societies. While “Utilitarianism” is often associated with individualistic and secular societies, Islamic “Maṣlaḥah” is deeply embedded in Islamic culture and tradition, which emphasizes community values and religious obligations.
“…Under the trap of such an acute self-regarding desire axiom it is hardly conceivable to "concede part of your wealth to your brother unless there is a visible or invisible benefit such as reputation and goodwill (Al-aaidroos et al, 2016). The Islamic ""Maṣlaḥah" on the contrary, based on the axiom of cooperation instead of competition meant to serve the well-being of all the constituent of society beginning from self, family, neighbor, community, nation to the mankind at large.…”
By employing Utility tools or moral conducts based on “the greatest good for the greatest number”, the Utilitarian mechanism maximizes the Utility for majority. This ethical theory is evidently grounded in human reason free from any transcendent revelation which is all the way expounded as a purely secular product of renaissance. While, in contrast to “Utilitarianism”, the Islamic “Maṣlaḥah” transcends the spatial structure and materiality to connect the life hereafter, hence the immediate good and bad of this world are but the function for the final good or bad pertaining to the Afterlife. Reviewing and analyzing relevant contents, this paper explores the key differences and similarities between Western “Utilitarianism” and Islamic “Maṣlaḥah”. Firstly, the paper identifies that both “Utilitarianism” and “Maṣlaḥah” aim to promote human welfare and happiness, but differ in their approach to defining and measuring the concept. Secondly, the paper examines the role of reason and revelation in shaping ethical decision-making in both traditions. Finally, it discusses the practical implications of “Utilitarianism” and “Maṣlaḥah” in contemporary societies. While “Utilitarianism” is often associated with individualistic and secular societies, Islamic “Maṣlaḥah” is deeply embedded in Islamic culture and tradition, which emphasizes community values and religious obligations.
“…They believe that humans actually have a much more complex nature, not just profit-seeking machines. Narrow rationality and utilitarianism are not enough to fully explain the multidimensionality of human behavior (Al-Aaidroos et al, 2016).…”
Homo economicus and homo islamicus are two concepts of human economic behavior that stem from different intellectual backgrounds. This paper aims to conduct a critical comparative analysis on the fundamental assumptions of the two concepts. The research method is qualitative, drawing upon key literature from Western and Islamic schools of thought. The results show that homo economicus and homo islamicus differ significantly in terms of underlying principles, motivations, and moral considerations. Homo economicus is driven by self-interest and narrow rationality, while homo islamicus is guided by the framework of Islamic values. These differences have implications on how the two concepts view systems of production, consumption, and distribution. However, the concepts can complement each other in providing a more comprehensive understanding of human economic behavior. The study suggests the need for integrating or synthesizing diverse perspectives in formulating a multidimensional and culturally inclusive analytical framework of economic behavior.
Küreselleşme öncesindeki dönemde ortaya çıkan kapitalizm, üretim, tasarruf ve yatırımı önemsemektedir. Fakat küreselleşme sonrasındaki dönemde dönüşen yeni kapitalizm, adeta tüketimi kutsayan, alışverişi yücelten ve tüketimi maksimize etmeyi amaçlayan bir sistem olmuştur. Tüketimi önceleyen bu sistem sembol ve markalar vasıtasıyla yaşam tarzı ve kimlik yapıları inşa etmektedir Tüketim, ihtiyaçların karşılanması anlamında çıkmış ve kapitalizmin istiklalini sağlanmasının aracı haline dönüşmüştür. Tüketimi sürekli olarak teşvik eden sistem adeta tüketmeyi de tüketmektedir. Bu dönemde insanların tüketim alışkanlıklarındaki değişmeler meydana gelmektedir. Söz konusu değişmeler beraberinde aşırı tüketimi getirmektedir. Aşırı tüketim alışkanlığı ise, dünyadaki kaynakları zayi olmasına ve tekrardan kullanılamamasına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca dünyanın en büyük sorunlarından biri olan açlık ve yokluğun yaşanmasındaki en önemli faktörlerden biri de aşırı tüketim anlayışı olduğu söylenebilir. Çünkü ihtiyaç fazlası ürün tüketimine sebebiyet vermesi nedeniyle kaynaklar israf olmaktadır. İsrafının azaltılması, insanlar ve gezegen için çok yönlü kazançlar sunmakta, gıda güvenliğini iyileştirmekte, iklim değişikliğini azalmasına katkı sağlamakta, para tasarrufuna imkan vermekte ve arazi, su, biyolojik çeşitlilik ve atık yönetimi sistemleri üzerindeki baskıları azaltmaktadır. Buna rağmen, israfının azaltılmasına yeterince önem verilmemiştir. Aksine aşırı tüketim tercih edilerek, kaynakların zayi olmasına, sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik sorunların meydana gelmesine sebebiyet verilmektedir. Bu durum sosyo-ekonomik, çevresel ve ahlaki açıdan sorunlar meydana getirmektedir. Çalışma, İslam iktisadı tüketim, ihtiyaç ve savurganlığı nasıl ele alınmakta olduğunu ve ahlaki değerlerin kaynakların verimli kullanılabilmesi üzerine katkısının olup olmadığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Hakim iktisat ve İslam iktisadı tüketim anlayışlarını ele almayı amaçlayan bu çalışmada betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmaktadır.
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