The uterine isthmus and its sphincter mechanism, a radiographic study

Youssef, Ali

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(58)90720-8

Cited by 42 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The cervix is tightly closed during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and relaxes shortly before menstruation. 70,71 Despite these similarities, there are also many differences between menstruation and parturition, the most apparent of which are the site of progesterone production, absolute progesterone levels, the size of the uterus, and impact of uterine stretch. In addition to the tissues of the placenta proper, the fetal membranes appear to have a distinct and separate role in parturition, expressed via a decline in mechanical capacity, programmed senescence, and through their effect on glucocorticoid, surfactant, chemokine, and PG production and signaling.…”

Section: Parturition and Menstruation: One Mechanism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Parturition: Nothing More Than a Delayed Menstruation

Pavličev

Norwitz

2018

Reprod. Sci.

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Humans are one of the few mammalian viviparous species in which pregnancy is extended beyond the luteal phase, the phase during which progesterone is synthesized by the maternal ovary. Instead, it is the fetal placenta that produces progesterone throughout the latter 2 trimesters of human pregnancy. The placenta is developmentally crucial for reproductive success and is the most conspicuous anatomical novelty of placental mammals. However, before it can exert its dual functions as both an endocrine organ and an organ capable of facilitating gas and nutrient exchange, enormous changes must take place within the uterus to not only tolerate the presence of this hemiallogeneic tissue but to also accommodate and support placental development. The most dramatic of these changes is endometrial decidualization, the origin of which coincides in evolutionary history with invasive placentation. This article builds on the observation that the physiological changes that occur during the nonpregnant secretory phase of the uterine cycle in women are remarkably similar to that seen during pregnancy. The fundamental characteristics of human pregnancy (including endometrial decidualization followed several months later by intrauterine inflammation, uterine contractions, and discharge of the decidual lining from the uterine cavity) are present already in the nonpregnant menstrual cycle and are thus independent of the fetus. We hypothesize that many of the physiological defects that lead to complications during pregnancy and parturition are detectable already during spontaneous decidualization in the nonpregnant state and at the onset of menstruation, and can thus be determined before the onset of pregnancy.

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Section: Parturition and Menstruation: One Mechanism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Parturition: Nothing More Than a Delayed Menstruation

Pavličev

Norwitz

2018

Reprod. Sci.

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“…Urinary incontinence is the commonest presenting complaint however if the fistula is above the uterine isthmus the patient presents with hematuria and amenorrhea, because the menstrual blood directly enters the urinary bladder rather to accumulate in the uterine cavity and exert pressure to open the isthmus for menstrual flow. It was very well described by Yousufi et al [ 5 , 6 ]. However normal menstrual flow ensues in patients with fistula below the isthmus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Multipara with utero-vesical fistula following repeat cesarean section: a rare iatrogenic complication

Shafqat

Khan

Azam

et al. 2021

Radiology Case Reports

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Utero-Vesical fistulas are the rarest of all urogenital fistulas, with most cases occurring after cesarean section. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide because of the increasing indications of cesarean section. Patient usually presents with urine leak, amenorrhea and cyclic hematuria. Herein, we present a case of patient presenting with complain of severe urinary tract infection following cesarean section. Review and update of recent literature regarding the diagnostic imaging of this entity are described.

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“…Three types of the fistula are distinguished: type I) with menouria; type II) with dual flow via both the bladder and vagina; and type III) with normal vaginal menses. 5 Symptoms depend upon the level of fistula and can be explained by the sphincteric mechanism of the uterine isthmus 6 and the different pressure gradients. The menstrual blood accumulates in the uterine cavity and when the pressure raises above 25-30 mm Hg, the sphincter of the isthmus relaxes and a bloody discharge occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterovesicovaginal fistula following placenta percreta: case review and management options

Mann

Dahiya

Mann

et al. 2013

UIJ

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We report case of uterovesicovaginal fistula following caesarean section with review of management options. The case presented with continuous dribbling of urine with cyclical menouria immediately following dilatation and curettage for retained placental bits. Cystosco - py along with hysteroscopy and methylene blue instillation through the cervix confirmed the diagnosis. Patient was put on prolonged bladder drainage for three months. The fistulas healed spontaneously requiring no further surgical management. All over the world prevalence of the utero-vesical fistula is increasing with frequent use of caesarean section

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The uterine isthmus and its sphincter mechanism, a radiographic study

Cited by 42 publications

References 49 publications

Human Parturition: Nothing More Than a Delayed Menstruation

Human Parturition: Nothing More Than a Delayed Menstruation

Multipara with utero-vesical fistula following repeat cesarean section: a rare iatrogenic complication

Uterovesicovaginal fistula following placenta percreta: case review and management options

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