The usefulness of molecular techniques to assess the presence of Aeromonas spp. harboring virulence markers in foods

Prevalence of Hemolytic and Enterotoxigenic Aeromonas Spp. in Healthy and Diseased Freshwater Food Fishes as Assessed by Multiplex PCR

“…from the freshwater food fish samples followed by the characterization of different Aeromonas associated virulence factors in a single PCR amplification. The direct detection of virulent Aeromonas markers in food samples and characterization of virulence factors in food samples was promoted by Bin Kingombe et al (2004). It was noted that among virulence determinants, two categories of enterotoxins cytotoxic and cytotonic have been discovered.…”

“…by MPCR assay (Table 2). Bin Kingombe et al (2004) reported that 59% of samples to be positive for Aeromonas spp. by PCR which supported our findings.…”

“…The prevalence was higher in comparison to some of the earlier reports. Bin Kingombe et al (2004) tested 78 raw and 123 processed and ready to eat food samples and found 25.4% of the samples were positive for Aeromonas spp. Yogananth et al (2009) found that 50% of the Aeromonas isolated from fish samples collected from local market in Chennai, India were positive for A. hydrophila.…”

“…Balakrishna et al (2010) detected A. hydrophila from 8.5% of raw fish samples procured from different location in Mysore, India using a MPCR assay targeting virulence associated genes of Aeromonas including hlyA, aerA, GCAT, along with 16S rRNA gene. However, Bin Kingombe et al (2004) found that 59% of raw food samples were contaminated with Aeromonas harbouring virulent genes and the contamination of raw foods with Aeromonas was proportionally high in raw shrimps (56%) and fish (75%). Pinto et al (2012) reported the presence of Aeromonas spp.…”

“…Although not linked to a biological assay, a positive reaction in a PCR-based detection method targeting virulent gene can be considered as an indication of the potential pathogenicity of the Aeromonas isolate under study (Bin Kingombe et al, 2004). In recent years several molecular methods, particularly polymerase chain-reaction-(PCR)-based methods, have been developed for routine identification of the species of Aeromonas most frequently involved in human disease (Sen 2005) and for genetically detecting putative virulence genes (Chang et al, 2008;Kannan et al, 2001).…”