The Usefulness of Chromogenic Media for Qualitative and Semi-Quantitative Diagnostic of Urinary Tract Infections

Stefaniuk, Elżbieta

doi:10.21307/pjm-2018-031

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…were the major uropathogens. Low rate of polymicrobial growth in our study was concordant with other studies but the rate of monomicrobial growth was lower when compared to other studies ( 24 ). High rates of both monomicrobial and polymicrobial growth has been reported ( 25 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of chromogenic agar medium. Can it be a suitable alternative to conventional culture system for identification of uropathogens?

Sachu¹,

Samuel²

2022

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTI) account for major proportion of outpatient load and hospital admission globally. In most of theclinical microbiology laboratories MacConkey agar (MAC) and Cystine lactose electro- lyte-deficient (CLED) agar are being used for identification ofuropathogens. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of HiCromeTM UTI by comparing isolation rate and presumptiveidentification of uropathogens against CLED and MAC agar. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted over a period of three months on 672 non-duplicate midstream and/or catheter-catch urine samples. All samples were inoculated on to HiCromeTM UTI, CLED agar and MacConkey agar. Results: Among the 672 samples received for culture, 113 (16.8%)showed significant growth. Among the 672 samples, 95 (14.1%) showed growth of a single organism while 18 (2.7%) showed polymicrobial growth. The rate of isolation and presumptive identification of theisolates and polymicrobial growth was found significantly higher on HiCromeTM UTI Agar. Conclusion: HiCromeTM UTI Agar has the potential to streamlineprocessing of samples for urine culture in a way that will reduce the workload for technicians, reduce turnaround time which in turn will benefit the laboratoryultimately leading to better patient care.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of chromogenic agar medium. Can it be a suitable alternative to conventional culture system for identification of uropathogens?

Sachu¹,

Samuel²

2022

IJM

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“…Using sterile wire loop, colonies were streaked on prepared molten CHROM agar plates and were incubated aerobically for 24 hours for colour change. Identification of each organism was done following the manufacturer's colour guide; further identification was carried out using biochemical tests following standard techniques [13].…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Urine Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Gram-Negative Uropathogens among Paediatric Patients in Nigeria

Nweze¹,

Lerum²,

Eze³

2019

OJMM

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Objective: This study aimed to detect and compare the frequency and antibiotics resistant pattern of Gram-negative uropathogens implicated in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in paediatric patients attending some hospitals in Nigeria and to proffer recommendations for its management. Methods: Based on standard procedures, midstream urine samples were collected. Urinalysis was done as a preliminary diagnosis of UTI using Combi-9 test strip. Isolation of uropathogen was done and antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using Kirby-Bauer technique. Results: Out of 489 samples collected, 130 (26.4%) was positive for UTI. The prevalence rate of UTI in the investigated areas such as Nsukka, Otukpo, Gboko and Kastina Ala was 31.8%, 17.5%, 34.3% and 17.1%, respectively. The prevalence of UTI was higher in males 81 (30.9%) than in females 49 (21.6%), but there was no statistically significant association between gender and UTI (p = 0.636). The prevalence of UTI was greater among the age of 2 -5 years (28.2%) and decreased with the increase in age, although there was no significant association between UTI and the age groups (p = 0.870). Generally, Klebsiella pneumonae (88.8%) was the most dominant bacterium (it was even more in males), followed by E. coli (40.6%), which was more in females, then Pseudomonas spp. (45.0%) and Proteus mirabilis (13.8%). The in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that the isolate was highly resistant to Augmentin, Cotrimoxazoel, Amoxicilin and Tetracycline, while some of the isolate shows intermediate resistant to Nitrofurantoin and Nalixidic acid. Ofloxacine and Gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics against the isolates from all the study areas.

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“…The common chromogenic medium-based POC tests are meant to identify a wide range of pathogens in urinary tract infections (UTI) on a single agar plate. In humans, these tests exhibited high >90% sensitivity and specificity ( 29 , 30 ). In veterinary studies, only experienced evaluators achieved similar accuracy ( 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 ), while beginners correctly recognized 53% ( 20 ), 68.7% ( 21 ), and, in this study, ~80% samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromogenic culture media complements diagnostic cytology in the visual identification of pathogenic skin bacteria in dogs and cats

Avberšek¹,

Ihssen²,

Faccio³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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In dogs and cats, bacterial skin infections (pyoderma and otitis externa) are a common cause for visiting the veterinary clinic. The most frequent skin pathogens are Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often requiring different therapeutic antibiotic protocols. Unfavorably, existing diagnostics based on cytology cannot reveal bacterial species but only bacterial shapes such as cocci or rods. This microscopic limitation could be overcome by clinical translation of affordable chromogenic media, which enable species identification based on bacterial colonies growing in different colors and sizes. In this study, we determined how well inexperienced general veterinary clinicians identified bacterial pathogens from the skin and ears on two commercial (Chromatic™ MH and Flexicult® Vet) and one custom-made Mueller Hinton agar-based chromogenic medium. For this purpose, four veterinarians evaluated 100 unique samples representing 10 bacterial species. On average, clinicians correctly identified between 72.1 and 86.3% of bacterial species. Colony colors developed quickly on the Chromatic™ MH medium, leading to the highest 81.6% identification accuracy after 24 h incubation. However, Flexicult® Vet exhibited the highest accuracy of 86.3% after prolonged 48 h incubation. Evaluators easily recognized bacteria displaying uniquely colored colonies like green-brown Pseudomonas aeruginosa, blue Enterococcus faecalis, orange-brown Proteus spp., and red Escherichia coli. Oppositely, staphylococci shared uncharacteristically pale pink colonies causing misidentifications among the genus, deteriorating overall accuracy by around 10 percentage points (from 90.9%). Another reason for identification errors was the evaluators’ inexperience, reflected in not recognizing colony size differences. For example, although Streptococcus canis exhibited the tiniest colonies, the species was frequently mistaken for other cocci. Finally, around 10% of errors were negligence-related slips due to unconsidered sample history. To conclude, the introduction of chromogenic media into veterinary clinics can significantly complement diagnostics in skin inflammations by identifying pathogen species in around 80% of cases. The extra information may help in therapeutic dilemmas on antibiotics and standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Additional personnel training and evaluation help by visuals, flowcharts, checklists, and, if necessary, microbiologists could further improve identification accuracy.

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The Usefulness of Chromogenic Media for Qualitative and Semi-Quantitative Diagnostic of Urinary Tract Infections

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of chromogenic agar medium. Can it be a suitable alternative to conventional culture system for identification of uropathogens?

Evaluation of chromogenic agar medium. Can it be a suitable alternative to conventional culture system for identification of uropathogens?

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Gram-Negative Uropathogens among Paediatric Patients in Nigeria

Chromogenic culture media complements diagnostic cytology in the visual identification of pathogenic skin bacteria in dogs and cats

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