The use ofd-limonene preparation as a dissolving agent of gallstones

Igimi, Hirotsune; Hisatsugu, Takeharu; Nishimura, Masaya

doi:10.1007/bf01071903

Cited by 57 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since this preparation seemed, therefore, to be substantially free from side-effects, we felt that any claims of efficacy deserved careful consideration. Several of the terpenes in Rowacholfor example, menthol, menthone, pinene-have long been shown to be excellent cholesterol solvents in vitro, and indeed the structurally related terpene, d-limonene, has recently been advocated as an agent for dissolving retained common duct stones (Igimi et al, 1976). However, it is unlikely that significant amounts of these compounds appear in bile because of their relatively low molecular weight (Smith, Biliary bile acid concentration was measured enzymatically using 3ohydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Talalay, 1960).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rowachol--a possible treatment for cholesterol gallstones.

Doran¹,

Keighley²,

Bell³

1979

Gut

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SUMMARY It has been claimed that Rowachol, a proprietary choleretic, is occasionally successful in the treatment of gallstones. In gallstone patients we have examined its effect on the lipid composition of (1) samples of fasting gall bladder bile obtained at the time of cholecystectomy, and (2) T-tube bile on the tenth post-operative day. In a dose of two capsules, three times a day for only 48 hours, Rowachol significantly lowered the cholesterol solubility of both gall bladder (p < 0001) and T-tube bile (p < 005). Rowachol in a dose of one capsule three times a day for 48 hours did not alter bile composition, while four capsules four times a day for a similar period caused a significant (p < 0-05) deterioration in biliary lipid composition. The possible mechanisms of action of Rowachol and their therapeutic implications are discussed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rowachol--a possible treatment for cholesterol gallstones.

Doran¹,

Keighley²,

Bell³

1979

Gut

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“…D-Limonene is listed as generally recognized as safe in the Code of Federal Regulation (USA) for a flavouring agent. It is considered as an excellent solvent for cholesterol and is used clinically to dissolve cholesterol in gall stones (Igimi et al, 1976). Limonene is clinically proven to be effective in the treatment of chronic heartburn or gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder (Wilkins, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limonene inhibits streptococcal biofilm formation by targeting surface-associated virulence factors

Ganapathy

Vijayakumar

Pandian

2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The present study explores the efficacy of limonene, a cyclic terpene found in the rind of citrus fruits, for antibiofilm potential against species of the genus Streptococcus, which have been deeply studied worldwide owing to their multiple pathogenic efficacy. Limonene showed a concentration-dependent reduction in the biofilm formation of Streptococcus pyogenes (SF370), with minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of 400 mg ml 21. Limonene was found to possess about 75-95 % antibiofilm activity against all the pathogens tested, viz. Streptococcus pyogenes (SF370 and 5 clinical isolates), Streptococcus mutans (UA159) and Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 6249) at 400 mg ml 21 concentration. Microscopic analysis of biofilm architecture revealed a quantitative breach in biofilm formation. Results of a surfacecoating assay suggested that the possible mode of action of limonene could be by inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces, thereby preventing the biofilm formation cascade. Susceptibility of limonene-treated Streptococcus pyogenes to healthy human blood goes in unison with gene expression studies in which the mga gene was found to be downregulated. Anti-cariogenic efficacy of limonene against Streptococcus mutans was confirmed, with inhibition of acid production and downregulation of the vicR gene. Downregulation of the covR, mga and vicR genes, which play a critical role in regulating surface-associated proteins in Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans, respectively, is yet further evidence to show that limonene targets surface-associated proteins. The results of physiological assays and gene expression studies clearly show that the surface-associated antagonistic mechanism of limonene also reduces surface-mediated virulence factors.

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“…Other agents that have been infused include lecithin (116), quaternary amines (111), and the terpene d-limonene (120). We found that the infusion of monoglyceride solutions caused diarrhea.…”

Section: Heparin Infusionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Medical Treatment of Gallstones

Bouchier¹

1980

Annu. Rev. Med.

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The use ofd-limonene preparation as a dissolving agent of gallstones

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Rowachol--a possible treatment for cholesterol gallstones.

Rowachol--a possible treatment for cholesterol gallstones.

Limonene inhibits streptococcal biofilm formation by targeting surface-associated virulence factors

The Medical Treatment of Gallstones

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