The use of ultrasound in monitoring reproductive physiology of beef cattle

Beal, W. E.; Perry, R C; Corah, L.R.

doi:10.2527/1992.703924x

Cited by 75 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…One approach is through palpation per rectum for the presence of the positive signs of pregnancy, which is useful in detecting embryos after 40-50 days of pregnancy (Beal et al 1992, Fricke 2002. Pregnancy can be determined as early as 35 days using palpation per rectum, but this is not recommended because manipulation of the uterus and the fetal membranes can lead to abortion (Abbitt et al 1978, Vaillancourt et al 1979.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregnancy can be determined as early as 35 days using palpation per rectum, but this is not recommended because manipulation of the uterus and the fetal membranes can lead to abortion (Abbitt et al 1978, Vaillancourt et al 1979. The second most implemented method of pregnancy diagnosis is transrectal ultrasound, which is accurate as early as day 27 of pregnancy, but also requires a skilled technician (Beal et al 1992, Fricke 2002. Both methods are relatively late following maternal recognition of pregnancy, which occurs between days 14 and 18 in the cow (Bazer et al 1991, Thatcher et al 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low blood ISG15 mRNA and progesterone levels are predictive of non-pregnant dairy cows

Han

Austin

Rempel

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

125

106

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ISG15 is induced by conceptus-derived interferon-t in the endometrium on days 15-45 of pregnancy. It was hypothesized that pregnancy induces blood cell ISG15 gene expression and that low blood ISG15 mRNA levels provide an indication of non-pregnant cows on day 18. Blood was collected either on day 18 (nZ78) or on days 15-21, 25, and 32 (nZ21; serial collection) from dairy cows following artificial insemination (AI). Plasma progesterone concentration was determined using RIA. ISG15 mRNA levels were determined using real-time PCR. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 32 using transrectal ultrasound. ISG15 mRNA levels increased after day 16, peaked at day 20 and then declined to day 16 levels by 32 days following AI. The average pregnancy rate was 43% based on blood cell ISG15 mRNA. The average pregnancy rate was 33% based on the transrectal ultrasound. Lower levels of ISG15 mRNA or progesterone during serial collections were 100% accurate in predicting non-pregnant cows based on day 32 transrectal ultrasound. However, detection of ISG15 mRNA yielded 78% accuracy in predicting pregnant cows, while progesterone yielded 58% accuracy. Average plasma progesterone based on pregnancy status according to ultrasound was consistently higher in pregnant (O4 ng/ml) when compared with non-pregnant cows from days 15 to 32, except on day 16. It is concluded that detection of low blood ISG15 mRNA levels during serial collection from days 17 to 25 serves as an accurate indicator of cows that are not pregnant, thus allowing re-synchronization and insemination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low blood ISG15 mRNA and progesterone levels are predictive of non-pregnant dairy cows

Han

Austin

Rempel

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

125

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The advantages of using ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis are that the presence of an embryo can be detected earlier than by palpation per rectum and that direct physical manipulation of the gravid reproductive tract is unnecessary with ultrasonography. Thus, the risk of inducing embryonic mortality is greatly reduced [89].…”

Section: Ultrasonographic Detection Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Reproductive Ultrasonography: A Review

Ribadu

Nakao

1999

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The advent of ultrasonography over a decade ago has contributed tremendously in the field of bovine reproduction. Ultrasound imaging has shown that cattle exhibit 2 or 3 waves of follicular development during an estrous cycle. Ultrasonography allows monitoring of individual follicles as they grow and/or regress over time and patterns of follicular development can thus be determined with relative precision. Other important applications of ultrasonography in bovine reproduction includes; pregnancy diagnosis, fetal sex determination, folliculocenteses, diagnosis of abnormalities of the reproductive organs, monitoring of treatment of ovarian cysts, monitoring of postpartum genital resumption, ultrasound-guided centesis and male genital ultrasonography. Recent applications of ultrasonography in bovine reproduction includes doppler ultrasonography for genital blood flow and mammary ultrasonography. The use of ultrasonography is indispensable in most studies in which morphology (structure) and function are correlated. In this paper, the literature pertaining to the use of ultrasonography in bovine reproduction is reviewed. The applications and limitations of ultrasonography are highlighted. The non-invasive nature of ultrasonography makes it an excellent clinical and research tool in bovine reproduction.

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“…The use of ultrasonography to observe ovarian activity has been reviewed in great detail Ginther, 1988 andBeal et al, 1992). The structures like ovarian follicles, cysts and corpora lutea (CL) have been previously identified by real-time ultrasonography (Kastelic et al, 1990;Beal et al, 1992 andSingh et al, 1997) in cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structures like ovarian follicles, cysts and corpora lutea (CL) have been previously identified by real-time ultrasonography (Kastelic et al, 1990;Beal et al, 1992 andSingh et al, 1997) in cattle. Fricke (2002) reported that follicles are fluidfilled structures which absorb ultrasound waves and are displayed as black on the screen (anechoic or non-echogenic).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Follicular Turn Over in Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Murrah Buffaloes through 2D Trans-Rectal Ultrasonography

Singh¹,

Chandolia²,

Dutt³

et al. 2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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The present research was based on study of follicular dynamics in cyclic (n=6) and noncyclic (n=6) Murrah buffaloes by using 2D trans-rectal ultrasonography from day 1 to 21 of study period. During each examination, number of small (<4mm), medium (4-8mm) and large follicles (>8mm) were assessed along with diameter of medium and large follicles. Moreover, diameter of corpus luteum was also studied daily in cyclic animals. The number of small follicles was significantly (P<0.05) higher on 6 th day (2.75±0.25) of cycle as compared to number of small follicles on days 4, 9, 14, 16 and 18-21 of study in cyclic animals. The number of small follicles in non-cyclic buffaloes did not differ significantly (P<0.05) on day 3 (2.00±0.00), 10 (2.00±0.00) and 20 (2.00±0.58) of observations but these were significantly higher than other days of study. Significantly higher number of medium size follicles was recorded on 6 th day (4.50±1.50) as compared to day 18 and 20 of study in cyclic animals. But there was no variation in non-cyclic animals throughout the study. The number of large follicles on day 3 (1.80±0.20) versus days 15, 16 and 18-20 of study varies significantly (P<0.05) while on other days there was non-significant variation. The number of large follicles in cyclic animals varied nonsignificantly throughout the study. The diameter of medium sized follicles in cyclic animals on day 5 (6.77±0.42) was significantly higher than other days of cycle except days 19 and 20 of the cycle. However, the diameter of medium follicles on 1 st day (7.18±.45mm) of the study was significantly higher than follicles of days 7, 11-13, 17-19 and 21 of study in non-cyclic animals. The diameter of largest follicles recorded between 11.45±2.35mm and 14.12±1.40mm in cyclic and non-cyclic animals, respectively. The large size follicle diameter on 21 st day of study was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the diameter of 6 th day while on other days there was non-significant variation in non-cyclic animals. In cyclic buffaloes, CL appeared on 5 th day of cycle and attained maximum size on 14 th day (16.43±.40mm) and then declined. From the present study, it was concluded that the selected non-cyclic animals were not in true anestrus condition as there was follicles development on ovaries that reaches to preovulatory size but not ovulated that may be due to irregular gonadotrophin synthesis or hormonal imbalance and managemental errors. K e y w o r d s2D ultrasonography, Corpus luteum, Follicle, Murrah buffaloes.

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The use of ultrasound in monitoring reproductive physiology of beef cattle

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Low blood ISG15 mRNA and progesterone levels are predictive of non-pregnant dairy cows

Low blood ISG15 mRNA and progesterone levels are predictive of non-pregnant dairy cows

Bovine Reproductive Ultrasonography: A Review

Comparative Study of Follicular Turn Over in Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Murrah Buffaloes through 2D Trans-Rectal Ultrasonography

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