An ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was employed to get high quality bioactive polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme (SFP), with the technology optimized in light of an orthogonal test design L 9 (3 3 ). Being the major factors that influence the yield of the extracts, the ultrasonic power, water/solid ratio, and extraction time were selected on the basis of a single-factor test. The extraction yield and the antioxidant activity of SFP were used as dependent variables in the analysis of the orthogonal test results. The antioxidant activity of SFP was evaluated using IC 50 of scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as the activity monitoring parameter. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained when the ultrasonic power, the extraction time, and the ratio of water to solid were 800 W, 10 min and 20, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the SFP extracted with the optimized ultrasonic-assisted method exhibited strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (P < 0.05) compared with conventional hot water extracted SFP and other two antioxidants.Keywords: Sargassum fusiforme, polysaccharides, orthogonal experiment, extraction, antioxidant *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: qiangy@zwu.edu.cn
IntroductionSargassum fusiforme, the brown alga, is one of the most widely consumed seaweeds in China, Japan and Korea, not only as food, but also as herbal medicine. As an important economic alga, it is now cultured on a vast scale in coastal zone in China's Zhejiang and Fujian provinces (Huang et al., 2006). The polysaccharides extracted from Sargassum fusiforme (SFP) in medicine are polymeric carbohydrate structures and have widely been suggested as antioxidants (Siriwardhana et al., 2004), anti-coagulants (Kim et al., 1998, and tumor inhibitor (Han et al., 2009) because of their chemical properties and biological activities (Zhu et al., 2010). However, the utilization of SFP currently is restricted by its polysaccharides extraction technology, which is fundamental for its application or further research and development.The conventional and most common extraction method for polysaccharides is the hot water extraction (HWE) method and many papers have been aimed at investigating the influence of extraction parameters, such as particle size, ratio of solvent to raw material, extraction time, extraction temperature, pH value and number of extraction (Wang et al., 2009a. It should be noted that HWE of polysaccharides is always time-consuming, laborious and polysaccharides losing. To solve these problems, the acid extraction method came into being. This method is not without its flaws, however. It may easily alter the structure of the polysaccharide related immunocompetence (Abdel-Fattah et al., 1974). Therefore, alternative extraction techniques like the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) technologies have attracted considerable interests and have been employed to extract polysaccharides from different plant materials, including Cyclocarya paliuru...