The use of towed camera platforms in deep-water science

Jones, Daniel O. B.; Bett, B.; Wynn, R.B.; Masson, Dg G.

doi:10.3723/ut.28.041

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The benthic environment at this location is characterized by soft sediments and negligible slope angles, with seasonal and interannual variation in the supply of phytodetritus (Billett et al, 1983;Lampitt et al, 2010). In total 726 useful seabed images were acquired in the towed camera survey (seabed area assessed 0.39 ha), and were analysed following the methodology given in Jones et al (2009). The Autosub6000 mission yielded 28,290 useful images (seabed area assessed 4.79 ha), that were produced and analysed using the methods detailed by Morris et al (2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hemisessile lifestyle and feeding strategies of Iosactis vagabunda (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae), a dominant megafaunal species of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Durden¹,

Bett²,

Ruhl³

2015

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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a b s t r a c tIosactis vagabunda Riemann-Zürneck, 1997 (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae) is a small endomyarian anemone, recently quantified as the greatest contributor to megafaunal density (48%; 2372 individuals ha À 1 ) on the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP). We used time-lapse photography to observe 18 individuals over a period of approximately 20 months at 8-h intervals, and one individual over 2 weeks at 20-mine intervals, and report observations on its burrowing activity, and both deposit and predatory feeding behaviours. We recorded the apparent subsurface movement of an individual from an abandoned burrow to a new location, and burrow creation there. Raptorial deposit feeding on settled phytodetritus particles was observed, as was predation on a polychaete 6-times the estimated biomass of the anemone. Though essentially unnoticed in prior studies of the PAP, I. vagabunda may be a key component of the benthic community, and may make a critical contribution to the carbon cycling at the PAP longterm time-series study site.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hemisessile lifestyle and feeding strategies of Iosactis vagabunda (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae), a dominant megafaunal species of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Durden¹,

Bett²,

Ruhl³

2015

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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“…The use of photogrammetric methods in deep-sea exploration has led to megafauna being defined as those organisms large enough (typically > 1 cm length) to be detected in photographs (Grassle et al, 1975), which can be readily acquired nowadays using remotely operated or autonomous underwater vehicles (e.g., Jones et al, 2009;Morris et al, 2014). They are typically the target of disturbance assessments aimed to aid management and conservation activities (Bluhm, 2001;Jones et al, 2012;Bo et al, 2014;Boschen et al, 2015;Vanreusel et al, 2016;Simon-Lledó et al, 2019c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting the Effects of Deep-Seabed Nodule Mining: Simulations Using Megafaunal Data From the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

et al. 2019

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The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is in the process of preparing exploitation regulations for deep-seabed mining (DSM). DSM has the potential to disturb the seabed over wide areas, yet there is little information on the ecological consequences, both at the site of mining and surrounding areas where disturbance such as sediment smothering could occur. Of critical regulatory concern is whether the impacts cause "serious harm" to the environment. Using metazoan megafaunal data from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (northern equatorial Pacific), we simulate a range of disturbances from very low to severe, to determine the effect on community-level metrics. Two kinds of stressors were simulated: one that impacts organisms based on their affinity to nodules, and another that applies spatially stochastic stress to all organisms. These simulations are then assessed using power analysis to determine the amount of sampling required to distinguish the disturbances. This analysis is limited to modelling lethal impacts on megafauna. It provides a first indication of the effect sizes and ecological nature of mining impacts that might be expected across a broader range of taxa. To detect our simulated "tipping point," power analyses suggest impact monitoring samples should each have at least 500-750 individual megafauna; and at least five such samples, as well as control samples should be assessed. In the region studied, this translates to approximately 1500-2300 m 2 seabed per impact monitoring sample, i.e., 7500-11,500 m 2 in total for a given location and/or habitat. Detecting less severe disturbances requires more sampling. The numerical density of individuals and Pielou's evenness of communities appear most sensitive to simulated disturbances and may provide suitable "early warning" metrics for monitoring. To determine the sampling details for detecting the desired threshold(s) for harm, statistical effect sizes will need to be determined and validated. The determination of what constitutes serious harm is a legal question that will need to consider socially acceptable levels of long-term harm to deep-sea life. Monitoring details, data, and results including power analyses should be made fully available, to facilitate independent review and informed policy discussions.

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“…This is due to an improvement of imaging technology (Kocak et al, 2008;Schettini and Corchs, 2010;Bonin et al, 2011) and the development of platforms such as sledges (Shortis et al, 2008;Jones et al, 2009), remotely operated vehicles (ROV) (Sedlazeck et al, 2009;Karpov et al, 2012;Lindsay et al, 2012;Stierhoff et al, 2012), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) (Dowdeswell et al, 2008) and manned submersibles (Chevaldonné and Jollivet, 1993;Tissot et al, 2007). Although different methods are available for underwater positioning and image scaling, practical considerations complicate the processing of the data in a quantitative way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new 3-D modelling method to extract subtransect dimensions from underwater videos

Fillinger

Funke

2013

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. Underwater video transects have become a common tool for quantitative analysis of the seafloor. However a major difficulty remains in the accurate determination of the area surveyed as underwater navigation can be unreliable and image scaling does not always compensate for distortions due to perspective and topography. Depending on the camera set-up and available instruments, different methods of surface measurement are applied, which make it difficult to compare data obtained by different vehicles. 3-D modelling of the seafloor based on 2-D video data and a reference scale can be used to compute subtransect dimensions. Focussing on the length of the subtransect, the data obtained from 3-D models created with the software PhotoModeler Scanner are compared with those determined from underwater acoustic positioning (ultra short baseline, USBL) and bottom tracking (Doppler velocity log, DVL). 3-D model building and scaling was successfully conducted on all three tested set-ups and the distortion of the reference scales due to substrate roughness was identified as the main source of imprecision. Acoustic positioning was generally inaccurate and bottom tracking unreliable on rough terrain. Subtransect lengths assessed with PhotoModeler were on average 20 % longer than those derived from acoustic positioning due to the higher spatial resolution and the inclusion of slope. On a high relief wall bottom tracking and 3-D modelling yielded similar results. At present, 3-D modelling is the most powerful, albeit the most time-consuming, method for accurate determination of video subtransect dimensions.

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The use of towed camera platforms in deep-water science

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

The hemisessile lifestyle and feeding strategies of Iosactis vagabunda (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae), a dominant megafaunal species of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

The hemisessile lifestyle and feeding strategies of Iosactis vagabunda (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae), a dominant megafaunal species of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Detecting the Effects of Deep-Seabed Nodule Mining: Simulations Using Megafaunal Data From the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

A new 3-D modelling method to extract subtransect dimensions from underwater videos

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