The use of the saccade target as a visual reference when localizing flashes during saccades

Maij, Femke; Brenner, Eli; Li, Hyung-Chul O.; Cornelissen, Frans W.; Smeets, Jeroen B. J.

doi:10.1167/10.4.7

Cited by 20 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Similar “attracting” effects of a salient marker were also found in two recent studies (Cicchini, et al, 2013, Maij et al, 2010). Cicchini et al (2013) found that a post-saccadic reference near the probing peri-saccadic bar may eliminate compression-like mislocalization, if the reference and the probing bar share the same orientation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Cicchini et al (2013) found that a post-saccadic reference near the probing peri-saccadic bar may eliminate compression-like mislocalization, if the reference and the probing bar share the same orientation. Maij et al (2010) found that when the saccade target is moved during saccades, the perceived location of flashes is affected. In our study, the visual reference role of the saccade target was moved to a location other than the saccade goal point (5° or 14° away) and became a salient non-saccadic marker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A method proposed by Maij et al (2010) was used to quantify the compressed mislocalization by compression ratio and shift. The focus location of the compression pattern is also estimated (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salient stimulus attracts focus of peri-saccadic mislocalization

2014

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Visual localization during saccadic eye movements is prone to error. Flashes shortly before and after the onset of saccades are usually perceived to shift towards the saccade target, creating a “compression” pattern. Typically, the saccade landing point coincides with a salient saccade target. We investigated whether the mislocalization focus follows the actual saccade landing point or a salient stimulus. Subjects made saccades to either a target or a memorized location without target. In some conditions, another salient marker was presented between the initial fixation and the saccade landing point. The experiments were conducted on both black and picture backgrounds. The results show that: (a) when a saccade target or a marker (spatially separated from the saccade landing point) was present, the compression pattern of mislocalization was significantly stronger than in conditions without them, for both black and picture background conditions, and (b) the mislocalization focus tended towards the salient stimulus regardless of whether it was the saccade target or the marker. Our results suggest that a salient stimulus presented in the scene may have an attracting effect and therefore contribute to the non-uniformity of saccadic mislocalization of a probing flash.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salient stimulus attracts focus of peri-saccadic mislocalization

2014

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“…In these four sessions, there were 150 trials with red-green backgrounds (the other 450 contained conditions that were not analyzed; the trials were presented in random order). As in previous studies (Maij et al, 2010), we excluded trials from further analysis if either the saccade or the touched location were clearly inappropriate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Uncertainty Separates Flashes from Their Background during Saccades

Maij¹,

Brenner²,

Smeets³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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It is known that spatial localization of flashed objects fails around the time of rapid eye movements (saccades). This mislocalization is often interpreted in terms of a combination of shifts and deformations of the brain's representation of space to account for the eye movement. Such temporary remapping of positions in space should affect all elements in a scene, leaving ordinal relationships between positions intact. We performed an experiment in which we presented flashes on a background with red and green regions to human subjects. We found that flashes that were presented on the green part of the background around the time of a saccade were readily reported to have been presented on the red part of the background and vice versa. This is inconsistent with the notion of a temporary shift and deformation of perceived space. To explain our results, we present a model that illustrates how temporal uncertainty could give rise to the observed spatial mislocalization. The model combines uncertainty about the time of the flash with a bias to localize targets where one is looking. It reproduced the pattern of mislocalization very accurately, showing that perisaccadic mislocalization can best be explained in terms of temporal uncertainty about the moment of the flash.

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“…Intra-saccadic jumps are typically difficult to detect, however, Deubel et al (1996, 1998) showed that blanking the target during the jump made it possible to detect the jump and identify its direction accurately (see also Dassonville, Schlag & Schlag-Rey, 1995). Deubel et al (1998) proposed that under typical circumstances, where details are not blanked during saccades, perceptual stability relies on the implicit assumption made by the visual system that a selected visual reference – typically, the saccadic target – remains stationary during the saccade (see also Lennie & Sidwell, 1978; Matin; Maij, Brenner, Li, Cornelissen & Smeets, 2010; Honda, 1999, 2005, 2006). Other visual details (such as targets flashed during or around the time of saccades) may be seen in illusory locations because their positions are encoded relative to the selected “stationary” reference.…”

Section: Saccadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movements: The past 25years

2011

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This article reviews the past 25 of research on eye movements (1986–2011). Emphasis is on three oculomotor behaviors: gaze control, smooth pursuit and saccades, and on their interactions with vision. Focus over the past 25 years has remained on the fundamental and classical questions: What are the mechanisms that keep gaze stable with either stationary or moving targets? How does the motion of the image on the retina affect vision? Where do we look – and why – when performing a complex task? How can the world appear clear and stable despite continual movements of the eyes? The past 25 years of investigation of these questions has seen progress and transformations at all levels due to new approaches (behavioral, neural and theoretical) aimed at studying how eye movements cope with real-world visual and cognitive demands. The work has led to a better understanding of how prediction, learning and attention work with sensory signals to contribute to the effective operation of eye movements in visually rich environments.

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The use of the saccade target as a visual reference when localizing flashes during saccades

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Salient stimulus attracts focus of peri-saccadic mislocalization

Salient stimulus attracts focus of peri-saccadic mislocalization

Temporal Uncertainty Separates Flashes from Their Background during Saccades

Eye movements: The past 25years

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