Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer and ranks amongst the leading causes of cancer mortality in young adults.
J
un
a
ctivation domain
b
inding protein
1
(
JAB1
) is overexpressed in many cancers and has recently emerged as a novel target for cancer treatment. However, the role of JAB1 in osteosarcoma was virtually unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that
JAB1
-knockdown in malignant osteosarcoma cell lines significantly reduced their oncogenic properties, including proliferation, colony formation, and motility. We also performed RNA-sequencing analysis in
JAB1
-knockdown OS cells and identified 4110 genes that are significantly differentially expressed. This demonstrated for the first time that JAB1 regulates a large and specific transcriptome in cancer. We also found that JAB1 is overexpressed in human OS and correlates with a poor prognosis. Moreover, we generated a novel mouse model that overexpresses
Jab1
specifically in osteoblasts upon a
TP53
heterozygous sensitizing background. Interestingly, by 13 months of age, a significant proportion of these mice spontaneously developed conventional OS. Finally, we demonstrate that a novel, highly specific small molecule inhibitor of JAB1, CSN5i-3, reduces osteosarcoma cell viability and has specific effects on the ubiquitin-proteasome system in OS. Thus, we show for the first time that the overexpression of
JAB1 in vivo
can result in accelerated spontaneous tumor formation in a p53-dependent manner. In summary, JAB1 might be a unique target for the treatment of osteosarcoma and other cancers.