The use of the<i>in vitro</i>fermentation technique to estimate the digestible energy content of some Egyptian forages II. The<i>in vitro</i>production of total volatile fatty acids and organic acids as criteria of energy content

El-Shazly, K.; Akkada, A. R. Abou; Naga, M. M. A.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600013757

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…containing samples (1-0 g) of berseem (Trifolium MATERIALS AND METHODS alexandrinum) hay which had been dried at 100 °C Aliquots of a preheated incubation medium (20 ml) Materials. 2,4-D (sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxy- (el-Shazly, Abou Akkada & Naga, 1963) were mixed acetate) is a herbicide obtained from the Desert with the pesticides and then were placed in the Institute, Cairo, Egypt. 'Cotoran' (fluometuron; tubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sufficient portions (5 ml) containing 0-2 g protozoal N were placed in the 60 ml centrifuge tubes containing 0-5 g of rice starch. Aliquots (35 ml) of the incubation medium (el-Shazly et al 1963) were mixed with amounts of the pesticides and herbicides in order to give final concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm, and the mixture was then added to the tubes. The contents were gently swirled, gassed with CO 2 and the fermentation was allowed to proceed as described above for 24 h after which V.F.A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of some pesticides and herbicides on the rumen micro-organisms of sheep

1973

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SummaryLower concentrations of the herbicide M15stimulated thein vitrocellulose digestion and V.F.A. production by rumen micro-organisms. The herbicide Cotoran enhanced cellulose digestion but had no effect on V.F.A. production. The herbicide Dalapon decreased cellulose digestion and had little effect on V.F.A. concentrations. The herbicide 2,4·D had little or no effect on thein vitrocellulose digestion and V.F.A. production. Thein vitromicrobial activity was inhibited by the pesticide DDT. The effects of M152,4·D and DDT on V.F.A. production decreased with time. When the rumen fluid was fractionated, the V.F.A. production by the bacterial fraction was not significantly altered by the addition of 2,4·D and M15, whereas the activity of protozoal fraction was greatly enhanced. The response of V.F.A. production by washed suspensions of rumen ciliate protozoa to the addition of pesticides and herbicides was remarkably similar to that of rumen contents. Feeding M15(60 ppm) increased the ruminal V.F.A. over those in the control sheep whereas 2,4·D had no or little effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of some pesticides and herbicides on the rumen micro-organisms of sheep

1973

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“…(Abou Akkada and Howard, 1961) and Ophryoscolex caudatus (Williams et al, 1961) readily decomposed pectic substances; extracts of Isotricha spp. and Polyplastron multivesiculatum contained appreciable concentrations of pectin esterase and polygalacturonase (Abou Akkada and Howard, 1961;Abou Akkada et al, 1963). Hemicelluloses are rapidly hydrolyzed by extracts from the rumen protozoa Epidinium ecaudatum (Baily, Clarke, and Wright, 1962) and P. multivesiculatum (Abou Akkada et al, 1963).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…and Polyplastron multivesiculatum contained appreciable concentrations of pectin esterase and polygalacturonase (Abou Akkada and Howard, 1961;Abou Akkada et al, 1963). Hemicelluloses are rapidly hydrolyzed by extracts from the rumen protozoa Epidinium ecaudatum (Baily, Clarke, and Wright, 1962) and P. multivesiculatum (Abou Akkada et al, 1963). Several proteins are converted into peptides and amino acids by suspensions of 0. caudatus and Entodinium caudatum isolated from the rumen of sheep and cows (Williams et al, 1961;Abou Akkada and Howard, 1962).…”

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Effect of Absence of Ciliate Protozoa From the Rumen on Microbial Activity and Growth of Lambs

Akkada

El-Shazly

1964

Applied Microbiology

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Egypt), AND K. EL-SHAZLY. Effect of absence of ciliate protozoa from the rumen on microbial activity and growth of lambs. Appl. Microbiol. 12:384-390. 1964.-A survey of the components of the rumen ciliate population in a series of adult sheep, raised in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, has shown that a mixture of Entodinium, Isotricha, Ophryoscolex, Diplodinium, and Polyplastron species was found in the rumen contents of Egyptian sheep; no Epidinium and a negligible number of Dasytricha ruminantium were also observed. The microbial population, reducing sugars, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA) production, and growth rate of 14 lambs inoculated with whole rumen contents from a mature sheep were compared over a 6-month period with those of 13 lambs maintained under the same conditions, except that they were strictly isolated from other ruminants. Certain large oval organisms and large numbers of flagellates and Oscillospira were frequently observed in the rumen contents of the isolated lambs. The reducing sugars, ammonia, and VFA levels, measured before and at intervals after feeding, in the inoculated lambs showed a pronounced rise above the values found in the ciliate-free animals. The propionic acid-acetic acid ratio in the rumen contents of the faunated lambs was considerably higher than in the nonfaunated controls. The inoculated lambs grew faster than the isolated lambs.

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“…As V.F.A. are the ultimate metabolic products of food degradation in the rumen (el-Shazly et al 1963) then it is concluded that the rumen activity was greater when the rams were fed on legumes rather than on II II II non-legumes. "^ ^ ^ The changes in the concentration of ruminal ammonia and blood urea ( .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further studies on the prediction of the nutritive value of protein for ruminants

Osman

Amin

1973

J. Agric. Sci.

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Six successive trials with three adult rams (Sudan desert sheep) were conducted with the main object of finding a suitable index for the prediction of the nutritive value of protein in non-legumes for ruminants.The mean change in the concentration of ruminal ammonia, blood urea and ruminal V.F.A. 3 h after feeding legumes was considerably greater than after feeding the nonleguminous hays. Among the legumes berseem hay gave the least change in the concentration of ruminal ammonia, blood urea and V.E.A. The leguminous hays produced more gas under in vitro conditions than the non-legumes. Berseem hay produced the greatest volume of gas. Butterfly pea hay and lubia hay gave more or less similar results. Among the non-legumes the desert grasses gave the lowest values.Of all the feeds studied maize hay gave the highest nitrogen retention, followed by berseem hay. Despite this superiority of maize hay, the overall mean nitrogen retention of legumes was much greater than that of the non-legumes. Among the non-legumes dry desert grasses displayed a negative nitrogen balance.Regression equations based on the present data indicated that nitrogen retention only of leguminous hays could be always predicted from changes in blood urea concentrations. The present results also showed that the nitrogen retention of non-legumes and to a lesser extent that of all feeds taken together (i.e. legumes and non-legumes) can be assessed by using volume of gas produced in vitro (i.e. rate of in vitro fermentation).

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The use of thein vitrofermentation technique to estimate the digestible energy content of some Egyptian forages II. Thein vitroproduction of total volatile fatty acids and organic acids as criteria of energy content

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of some pesticides and herbicides on the rumen micro-organisms of sheep

Effect of some pesticides and herbicides on the rumen micro-organisms of sheep

Effect of Absence of Ciliate Protozoa From the Rumen on Microbial Activity and Growth of Lambs

Further studies on the prediction of the nutritive value of protein for ruminants

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