The use of surface strain data and a neural networks solution method to determine lumbar facet joint loads during in vitro spine testing

Sawa, Anna G.U.; Crawford, Neil R.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.06.010

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such force measurements have been made during different modes of loading (compression, extension, flexion, lateral bending, and rotation) in spines from different species. Lumbar and cervical facet forces have been estimated using strains measured on the articular pillar and lamina during flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation with applied moments varying from 1 to 7.5 Nm with a 100 N axial preload [11,131,132]. In that approach, uniaxial strain gauges were aligned along the major axis of the articular pillar (supero-inferior direction; Fig.…”

Section: Facet Forces and Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) and the measured strains from the gauges were used to indirectly interpolate the force transferred through the joint [11,131]. After testing in the motion segment, the facet joint was removed en bloc and tested using loads that were applied at different locations on the exposed articular cartilage, perpendicular to the surface, to establish a strain-force relationship that correlated the strains measured during testing to the actual compressive load develop in the joint at these locations [11,131]. Using that approach, average facet forces of 74 N were estimated for the canine lumbar spine under 2 Nm of extension [131].…”

Section: Facet Forces and Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using that approach, average facet forces of 74 N were estimated for the canine lumbar spine under 2 Nm of extension [131]. Chang et al [132] reported 205 N under a 10 Nm extension moment combined with 190 N of axial compression, and Sawa et al [11] reported 51 N under a 7.5 Nm extension moment of human lumbar segments. Although the investigations by Buttermann et al [131] and Sawa et al [11] differed in the specifics of the testing methods and specimen species, the facet force in both studies was found to increase when an axial compressive load was superposed on the primary loading vector.…”

Section: Facet Forces and Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the anatomy of the spine, the mechanical behavior of the facet joint is both dependent on the responses dictated by the overall spine's response and also can directly affect the spine's response, via its relationship to the intervertebral disc, its anatomic orientation, and its own mechanical behavior. The kinematics and mechanical properties of the facet joint and its tissue components have been studied extensively for a variety of different loading conditions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Recently, there is growing interest in the facet joint-its biomechanics and physiology-with the advent of disc arthroplasty and there has been increased attention to the relationship between spinal degeneration and its effects on the mechanical environment of the different tissues in the facet joint [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Spinal Facet Joint Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions

Jaumard¹,

Welch²,

Winkelstein³

2011

J. Biomech. Eng.

255

210

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The facet joint is a crucial anatomic region of the spine owing to its biomechanical role in facilitating articulation of the vertebrae of the spinal column. It is a diarthrodial joint with opposing articular cartilage surfaces that provide a low friction environment and a ligamentous capsule that encloses the joint space. Together with the disc, the bilateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function. Although a great deal of research has focused on defining the biomechanics of the spine and the form and function of the disc, the facet joint has only recently become the focus of experimental, computational and clinical studies. This mechanical behavior ensures the normal health and function of the spine during physiologic loading but can also lead to its dysfunction when the tissues of the facet joint are altered either by injury, degeneration or as a result of surgical modification of the spine. The anatomical, biomechanical and physiological characteristics of the facet joints in the cervical and lumbar spines have become the focus of increased attention recently with the advent of surgical procedures of the spine, such as disc repair and replacement, which may impact facet responses. Accordingly, this review summarizes the relevant anatomy and biomechanics of the facet joint and the individual tissues that comprise it. In order to better understand the physiological implications of tissue loading in all conditions, a review of mechanotransduction pathways in the cartilage, ligament and bone is also presented ranging from the tissue-level scale to cellular modifications. With this context, experimental studies are summarized as they relate to the most common modifications that alter the biomechanics and health of the spine-injury and degeneration. In addition, many computational and finite element models have been developed that enable more-detailed and specific investigations of the facet joint and its tissues than are provided by experimental approaches and also that expand their utility for the field of biomechanics. These are also reviewed to provide a more complete summary of the current knowledge of facet joint mechanics. Overall, the goal of this review is to present a comprehensive review of the breadth and depth of knowledge regarding the mechanical and adaptive responses of the facet joint and its tissues across a variety of relevant size scales.

show abstract

Section: Facet Forces and Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Facet Forces and Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Facet Forces and Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spinal Facet Joint Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions

Jaumard¹,

Welch²,

Winkelstein³

2011

J. Biomech. Eng.

255

210

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A positive response might suggest the presence of conditions in which flexion causes pain (eg, flexion substantially increases intradiscal pressure 24 and induces strain in the facet joints [25][26][27] ). It is conceivable that, if other examination procedures involving flexion were to cause similar responses, the pelvic tilt maneuver might be more convenient to use for monitoring condition severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Back Pain Response to Pelvic Tilt Position: An Observational Study of Chiropractic Patients

Minicozzi¹,

Russell

Ray

et al. 2016

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The aim of this study was to look for differences between patients with an increased pain response as compared with those with a decreased pain response. Methods: Data were collected from consecutive new patients with lumbar or lumbopelvic pain in a chiropractic clinic. A pelvic tilt exercise was included in the initial examination, and pain response was noted. Analysis was made of pain and disability severity, as well as symptom location, chronicity, and other characteristics, before and after a course of chiropractic care. Results: Patients with an increased pain response to pelvic tilt (n = 12) had higher levels of pain and disability at baseline than patients without (n = 34). There were no between-group differences in other aspects of their complaints; in age, sex, or body mass; or in the types of care they received (eg, manipulation, stretching, exercise instruction). On the average, both groups of patients showed improvement with chiropractic care, and there was no detectable difference in improvement between groups. Conclusions: This study found that patients experiencing pain in response to a pelvic tilt maneuver may have a poorer precare status than patients with a decreased pain response.

show abstract

Mechanical assessment of the effects of metastatic lytic defect on the structural response of human thoracolumbar spine

Alkalay

Harrigan

2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate the effects of a clinical lytic defect on the structural response of human thoracolumbar functional spinal unit. A novel CT-compatible mechanical test system was used to image the deformation of a T12-L1 motion segment and measure the change in strain response under compressive loads ranging from 50 to 750 N. A lytic lesion (LM) with cortex involvement (33% by volume) was introduced to the upper vertebral body and the CT experiments were repeated. Finite element models, established from the CT volumes, were used to investigate the defect's effects on the structural response and the state of principal and shear stresses within the affected and adjacent vertebrae. The lytic lesion resulted in severe loss of the vertebral structural competence, resulting in significant, non-linear, and asymmetric increase in the experimentally measured strains and computed stresses within both vertebrae (p < 0.01). At the cortex, the tensile strains were significantly increased, while compressive strains significantly decreased, (p < 0.05). Both the vertebral bone and cortex regions adjacent to the defect showed significant increase in computed compressive, tensile, and shear stresses (p < 0.01). Changes in stress and strain distribution within the affected and adjacent vertebral bone and the experimentally observed bulging and buckling of the vertebral cortices suggested that initiation of catastrophic vertebral failure may occur under load magnitudes encountered in daily living. Although the effect of LM on the global deformation of the spine was well-predicted, our results show that FE predictions of local strain changes must be carefully assessed for clinical relevance. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1808-1819, 2016.

show abstract

The use of surface strain data and a neural networks solution method to determine lumbar facet joint loads during in vitro spine testing

Cited by 38 publications

References 22 publications

Spinal Facet Joint Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions

Spinal Facet Joint Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions

Low Back Pain Response to Pelvic Tilt Position: An Observational Study of Chiropractic Patients

Mechanical assessment of the effects of metastatic lytic defect on the structural response of human thoracolumbar spine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About