The use of supplements and performance and image enhancing drugs in fitness settings: A exploratory cross‐sectional investigation in the United Kingdom

Mooney, Roisin; Simonato, Pierluigi; Ruparelia, Risha; Román-Urrestarazu, Andrés; Martinotti, Giovanni; Corazza, Ornella

doi:10.1002/hup.2619

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…tendency to use extreme forms of weight control as a way to compensate planned binge drinking; [5]), are becoming more and more popular [3]. This is in line with the increasing consumption levels of a range of 'imageand performance-enhancing drugs' (IPEDs) [6,7]; within the IPED group, there are a number of molecules being typically self-administered by people who do not consider themselves as drug misusers, for example: elite/ amateur athletes and bodybuilders, who aim at enhancing their physical performance and improve their appearance whilst reducing body fat [2,8]. IPEDs can be easily available from a range of sources [9], although the consumption of these products without any medical supervision could lead to various health risks [4,[9][10][11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

β‐2 Agonists as Misusing Drugs? Assessment of both Clenbuterol‐ and Salbutamol‐related European Medicines Agency Pharmacovigilance Database Reports

Milano

Chiappini

Mattioli

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A recent years' increase in misusing levels of image- and performance- enhancing drugs (IPEDs) has been observed. Out of these drugs, beta-2 agonists have recently emerged for their potential of misuse, especially for slimming and bodybuilding purposes. To this perspective, clenbuterol ('the size zero pill') has been reported as being both popular and widely available from the illegal market. All clenbuterol and salbutamol misuse/abuse/dependence/withdrawal/overdose/off-label spontaneous reports (2006-2016) from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) EudraVigilance (EV) database were collected and analysed by age range, gender, concomitant therapies and source of information. From the EV database, 55 of a total number of 920 'suspect' misuse/abuse/dependence/withdrawal/overdose/off-label ADRs (e.g. 5.97%; corresponding to 25 of 138 individuals) and 1310 of 62,879 ADRs (e.g. 2.08%; corresponding to 474 of 6923 individuals) were, respectively, associated with clenbuterol (typically ingested in combination with a range of anabolic steroids) and salbutamol. Proportional reporting ratio (PRR) value for misuse/abuse ADRs was higher (PRR = 18.38) for clenbuterol in comparison with salbutamol. Clenbuterol misuse/abuse could be a cause for major concern, especially in vulnerable individuals.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

β‐2 Agonists as Misusing Drugs? Assessment of both Clenbuterol‐ and Salbutamol‐related European Medicines Agency Pharmacovigilance Database Reports

Milano

Chiappini

Mattioli

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter part included about athletes' knowledge about supplements and prohibited substances in sports and personal beliefs or attitudes regarding supplement use. Similar tools have been used previously [13,14,15].…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traders in the supplement industry trying to promote supplements to the athlete through social media, commercial advertisements and the internet. [6,5,15] According to the past sales records, the global dietary supplement industry has generated 123.28 U.S. dollars in 2019 and it is projected to increase rapidly within the next few years. [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage Patterns, Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Dietary Supplement Intake Among Sri Lankan Elite Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Rashani¹,

Fernando²,

Pigera³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The use of dietary supplements without adequate knowledge regarding their constituents places professional athletes at great risk due to possibility of being positive in dope testing. The aim of this study was to identify the dietary supplements usage patterns among elite athletes in various sport types and investigate their knowledge and attitudes regarding that.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which a self -administered anonymous questionnaire was used to collect data from 387 elite athletes participating in individual (athletics, karate, weightlifting, wrestling and shooting), team (cricket, volleyball, netball, rugby, football, kabaddi and hockey) and both (wushu and badminton) sports. The data were analysed using nonparametric tests; Pearson’s chi square test with the level of significant of p < 0.05.Results: Out of 387 athletes, 354 (91.5%) used dietary supplements, multivitamin (57%), electrolyte (49.7%), protein (43.5%), calcium (19.7%) and creatine (17.4%) as the most prevalent types. Gender, social status, educational level, and professionalism had no impact with the supplement use whereas the type of sport played showed a significant impact on supplement intake (p < 0.05), with athletes in netball, rugby, wrestling, badminton and shooting showed 100% usage. Vitamin, protein and creatine usage were high among rugby, netball and weightlifting players (p < 0.05). The majority of athletes consume supplements to improve their performance (41.8%) and energy (54. 5%). Further,60.5% of the athletes claimed on self-prescription without medical advice. Two perceptions of, supplements are essential for maintain fitness and win awards were significantly high in males (p <0.05). Athletes having participated in educational workshops and competed internationally showed significant concern about the contamination risk associated with supplements (p < 0.05). Rugby, weightlifting and netball players showed significant multiple supplement usage among others (p <0.05).Conclusion: This study confirms that dietary supplements are readily used by Sri Lankan elite athletes, while multivitamins, protein and energy drink products are preferred. Additionally, the majority of athletes engaged in supplement use with the aim of performance enhancement and increase energy. Nature of sport played was a determinant factor of net supplement usage while higher multiple supplement usage appeared among intensive sports.

show abstract

“…En otro estudio realizado en soldados británicos se encontró 38 % (n =1198/3152) de uso actual de suplementos nutricionales, deportivos o ambos, con 54 % consumido en los últimos 12 meses. Los suplementos nutricionales consumidos de manera más frecuente fueron barras de proteína, en polvo o bebida (66 %), bebidas deportivas isotónicas con electrolitos y carbohidratos (49 %), creatina (38 %), bebidas deportivas recuperantes (35 %), multivitamínicos (31 %), y vitamina C (25 %) (8) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Suplementos nutricionales en la industria del fitness

Salazar¹,

García²

2019

Rev. Nutr. Clin. Metab.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of supplements and performance and image enhancing drugs in fitness settings: A exploratory cross‐sectional investigation in the United Kingdom

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

β‐2 Agonists as Misusing Drugs? Assessment of both Clenbuterol‐ and Salbutamol‐related European Medicines Agency Pharmacovigilance Database Reports

β‐2 Agonists as Misusing Drugs? Assessment of both Clenbuterol‐ and Salbutamol‐related European Medicines Agency Pharmacovigilance Database Reports

Usage Patterns, Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Dietary Supplement Intake Among Sri Lankan Elite Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Suplementos nutricionales en la industria del fitness

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About